Recording medium, recording medium recording method, output control method, reproducing apparatus, recording/reproducing control method, recording method, recording/reproducing method, and recording and/or reproducing method

ABSTRACT

The present invention is a recording method for a record medium, comprising the steps of embedding a plurality of types of management information provided corresponding to a plurality of types of record mediums as additional information to data of a content that is recorded, performing a first encoding process for the data of the content to which the additional information has been embedded, performing a second encoding process for the plurality of types of management information; and modulating the data of the content of which the first encode process has been performed and the plurality of types of management information of which the second encode process has been performed. The present invention is also the record medium.

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to a record medium on which data ofa content has been recorded, a recording method for a record medium, anoutput controlling method, a reproducing apparatus, a record andreproduction controlling method, a recording method, a recording andreproducing method, and a recording and/or reproducing method, inparticular, to those for protecting the data of the content.

BACKGROUND ART

[0002] To protect the copyright of data of an audio content and a videocontent that are recorded to a record medium, a watermark of which copymanagement information as additional information is superimposed andembedded to the data of the contents has been developed. To accomplishsuch a watermark, a method for spreading a spectrum of additionalinformation using spectrum spreading and superimposing the spreadspectrum to data of a content, a method for inserting additionalinformation into a low order bit of a signal or a high order coefficientof compressed data, a method for inserting additional information usingmasking effect so that the additional information does not affect acontent, a method for inserting additional information into a first peakor a second peak of a predetermined range or the vicinity thereof, andso forth are known.

[0003] As copy management information for protecting copyright, for amusic content, SCMS (Serial Copy Management System) is used. On theother hand, for a video content, CGMS (Copy Generation ManagementSystem) is used. The largest difference between the SCMS and the CGMS isin that the former can prohibit an original content from being copied.Thus, a private copy operation can be rejected.

[0004] As shown In FIG. 1, using the copy management information of theSCMS composed of two bits, a copy operation is managed. Using the copymanagement information of the SCMS, not only a copy free designation anda copy prohibition designation, but a copy generation management can beperformed.

[0005] In other words, as shown in FIG. 1, using the copy managementinformation of the SCMS composed of two bits, copy operations aremanaged. When the SCMS is (0, 0), it represents that a copy operationcan be freely performed. When the SCMS is (0, 1), it represents that acopy operation can be performed in one generation. When the SCMS is (1,1), it represents that a copy operation is prohibited. In other words,when the SCMS is (0, 1), although an original record medium can becopied, the copied record medium is prohibited from being copied.

[0006] As was described above, to protect copyright, a technology ofwhich copy management information is recorded as a watermark has beenproposed. As copy management information, the copy managementinformation of the SCMS can be used. Using the copy managementinformation of the SCMS, not only a copy free designation and a copyprohibition designation, but a copy generation management can beperformed.

[0007] However, when a copy generation management is performed using theSCMS, it is necessary to rewrite the copy management information. Forexample, when copy management information SCMS of an original recordmedium is (0, 1), a copy operation can be performed in one generation.Thus, when information of the original record medium is copied toanother record medium, it is necessary to rewrite the copy managementinformation SCMS from (0, 1) to (1, 1).

[0008] Additional information as a watermark that is superimposed andrecorded to data of a content by spectrum spreading or the like. Thus,additional information recorded as a watermark cannot be easilyrewritten. Thus, when conventional SCMS as copy management informationinserted as a watermark is used, it becomes difficult to manage a copyoperation in one generation.

[0009] In the copy managing system of the SCMS, if information of anoriginal record medium is directly copied to another record medium, thecopy management information of the SCMS is directly copied to the otherrecord medium. For example, when the copy management information SCMS ofthe original record medium is (0, 1), if information of the originalrecord medium is directly copied to another record medium, the copymanagement information SCMS of the copied record medium becomes (0, 1).Thus, the copied record medium can be further copied to other recordmediums.

[0010] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide arecord medium, a recording method for a record medium, an outputcontrolling method, a reproducing apparatus, a record and reproductioncontrolling method, a recording method, a recording and reproducingmethod, and a recording and/or reproducing method that allow a copyoperation in a plurality of generations, a reproducing operation, and acharging operation to be easily managed.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

[0011] The present invention is a record medium for recording aplurality of types of management information provided corresponding to aplurality of types of record mediums along with data of a content.

[0012] The present invention is a recording method for a record medium,comprising the steps of:

[0013] embedding a plurality of types of management information providedcorresponding to a plurality of types of record mediums as additionalinformation to data of a content that is recorded;

[0014] performing a first encoding process for the data of the contentto which the additional information has been embedded;

[0015] performing a second encoding process for the plurality of typesof management information; and

[0016] modulating the data of the content of which the first encodeprocess has been performed and the plurality of types of managementinformation of which the second encode process has been performed.

[0017] The present invention is a recording method for a record medium,comprising the steps of:

[0018] determining the type of a record medium to which a plurality oftypes of management information provided corresponding to a plurality oftypes of record mediums have been recorded along with data of a content;and

[0019] controlling a recording operation for the data of the contentthat has been read from the record medium corresponding to themanagement information selected corresponding to the determined resultof the record medium in the plurality of types of managementinformation.

[0020] The present invention is an output controlling method, comprisingthe steps of:

[0021] reading data of a content and a plurality of types of managementinformation from a record medium, the plurality of types of managementinformation provided corresponding to a plurality of types of recordmediums being embedded to the data of the content, the plurality oftypes of management information being recoded in a predetermined area ofthe record medium;

[0022] extracting the plurality of types of management information fromthe data of the content that is read from the record medium;

[0023] collating the plurality of types of management information thatare extracted with the plurality of types of management information thatare read from the record medium; and

[0024] controlling an output of the data of the content that is readcorresponding to the collated result.

[0025] The present invention is a reproducing apparatus for a recordmedium, comprising:

[0026] a reading portion for reading data of a content and a pluralityof types of management information from the record medium, the pluralityof types of management information provided corresponding to a pluralityof types of record mediums being embedded to the data of the content,the plurality of types of management information being recoded in apredetermined area of the record medium;

[0027] an extracting portion for extracting the plurality of types ofmanagement information from the data of the content that is read fromthe record medium by the reading portion;

[0028] a collating portion for collating the plurality of types ofmanagement information that are extracted by the extracting portion withthe plurality of types of management information that are read from therecord medium by the reading portion; and

[0029] an output controlling portion for controlling an output of thedata of the content that is read corresponding to the collated result bythe collating portion.

[0030] The present invention is a record and reproduction controllingmethod for a record medium, comprising the steps of:

[0031] reading data of a content and a plurality of types of managementinformation from a record medium, the plurality of types of managementinformation provided corresponding to a plurality of types of recordmediums being embedded as additional information to the data of thecontent, the plurality of types of management information being recodedin a predetermined area of the record medium;

[0032] extracting the additional information from the data of thecontent that is read from the record medium;

[0033] collating the plurality of types of management information thatare contained in the extracted additional information with the pluralityof types of management information that are read from the record medium;and

[0034] controlling an output of the data of the content that is readcorresponding to the collated result.

[0035] The present invention is a recording method, comprising the stepsof:

[0036] determining the type of a record medium, a plurality of types ofmanagement information provided corresponding to types of record mediumsbeing recorded to the record medium along with data of a content, theplurality of types of management information containing copy managementinformation;

[0037] determining whether or not the record medium is an originalrecord medium corresponding to the management information that is readfrom the record medium and the determined result of the type of therecord medium at the first determining step; and

[0038] when the determined result at the first determining steprepresents that the record medium is an original record medium,controlling a recording operation for the data of the content that isread from the record medium to another record medium corresponding tothe copy management information.

[0039] The present invention is a recording method, comprising the stepsof:

[0040] determining the type of a record medium, a plurality of types ofmanagement information provided corresponding to a plurality of types ofrecord mediums being recorded on the record medium, the plurality oftypes of management information containing identification information,copy generation information, and copy management information;

[0041] determining whether or not the record medium is an originalrecord mediums corresponding to the management information that is readfrom the record medium and the determined result of the type of therecord medium at the first determining step; and

[0042] when the determined result at the second determining steprepresents that the record medium is an original record medium,advancing the generation of the copy generation information by one andcontrolling a recording operation for recording the data of the contentthat is read the record medium to another record medium corresponding tothe copy management information.

[0043] The present invention is a recording and reproducing method,comprising the steps of:

[0044] determining the type of a record medium, a plurality of types ofmanagement information provided corresponding to a plurality of types ofrecord mediums being recorded on the record medium, the plurality oftypes of management information containing copy generation informationand copy management information;

[0045] determining whether or not the record medium is an originalrecord mediums corresponding to the management information that is readfrom the record medium and the determined result of the type of therecord medium at the first determining step;

[0046] when the determined result at the second determining steprepresents that the record medium is an original record medium,reproducing the record medium corresponding to the managementinformation; and

[0047] advancing the generation of the copy generation information byone and controlling a recording operation for recording the data of thecontent that is read from the record medium to another record mediumcorresponding to the copy management information.

[0048] The present invention is a recording method, comprising the stepsof:

[0049] identifying the type of a record medium, the record medium havingan identification portion used to identify the type of the recordmedium, at least first management information for reproduction-onlyrecord medium and second management information for recordable recordmediums being recorded to the record medium along with data of acontent; and

[0050] controlling a recording operation for recording the data of thecontent that is read from the record medium along with the firstmanagement information and the second management information to anotherrecord medium corresponding to the first management information, whenthe determined result of the type of the record medium at thedetermining step represents that the record medium is areproduction-only record medium, and a recording operation for recodingthe data of the content that is read from the record medium along withthe first management information and the second management informationto the other record medium corresponding to the second managementinformation, when the determined result of the type of the record mediumat the determining step represents that the record medium is arecordable record medium.

[0051] The present invention is a recording and/or reproducing method,comprising the steps of:

[0052] determining the type of a record medium, the record medium havingan identification portion used to identify the type thereof, managementinformation containing at least identification information, copygeneration information, and copy management information being recoded tothe record medium along with data of a content;

[0053] determining whether or not the record medium is an originalrecord medium corresponding to the identified result of the recordmedium and at least the identification information and the copygeneration information that are read from the record medium; and

[0054] controlling a recording operation and/or a reproducing operationfor the record medium corresponding to the determined result at thesecond determining step.

[0055] The present invention is a record medium having an identificationportion used to identify the type thereof, data of a content beingrecorded to the record medium, a plurality of management informationprovided corresponding to a plurality of types of record mediums beingembedded as additional information to the data of the content, theplurality of types of management information being recorded in apredetermined area of the record medium.

[0056] Copy management information SCMS-P for read-only record mediumsand copy management information SCMS-R for recordable record mediums arepre-recorded to a record medium at a time. When the record medium thatis reproduced is a read-only record medium, a copy operation iscontrolled corresponding to the copy management information SCMS-P forLead-only record mediums. In contrast, when the record medium that isreproduced is a recordable record medium, a copy operation is controlledcorresponding to the copy management information SCMS-R for recordablerecord mediums.

[0057] Data of many contents is distributed with read-only recordmediums such as CD and CD-ROM. A copy operation that results in aproblem from a view point of copyright protection is a copy operationfrom a read-only record medium such as CD or CD-ROM to a recordablerecord medium such as CD-R or CD-RW.

[0058] Thus, when an original record medium is a read-only recordmedium, (0, 0) is written as copy management information SCMS-P forread-only record mediums, and (1, 1) is written as copy managementinformation SCMS-R for recordable record mediums, since copy managementinformation SCMS-P for read-only record mediums is (0, 1), the originalrecord medium can be copied to a recordable record medium as a firstgeneration copy. As to a second generation copy, the recordable recordmedium is copied to another recordable record medium. In this case,since the copy management information SCMS-R is (1, 1), it representsthat a copy operation is prohibited, the copy operation is prohibited.In such a manner, a copy free designation, a one generation copydesignation, and a copy prohibition designation can be performed. Inaddition, when the one generation copy designation is performed, it isnot necessary to rewrite the copy management information.

[0059] In addition, when original type information recorded on therecord medium is different from the type of the real record medium andthereby it is determined that the record medium has been copied, sinceit can be assumed that a copy operation has been performed in at leastone generation, a copy operation is managed supposing that copymanagement information of which the copy generation is advanced by oneis new copy management information. Thus, without need to rewrite thecopy management information, a copy generation can be managed.

[0060] Thus, assuming that whenever a copy operation is performed, copymanagement information and copy generation information are rewrittencorresponding to a predetermined rule, the original type informationrecorded on the record medium is different from the type of the realrecord medium. When it has been determined that the record medium is acopied record medium, the copy management information and the copygeneration information are forcedly rewritten corresponding to thepredetermined rule. Thus, copied record mediums that do not comply withthe predetermined rule are not distributed. Thus, the copyright can beprotected.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0061]FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram for explaining conventional copymanagement information;

[0062]FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of the structure of arecording apparatus according to the present invention;

[0063]FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram for explaining a copy control usinga record medium according to the present invention;

[0064]FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an example of the structure of areproducing apparatus according to the present invention;

[0065]FIG. 5 is a block diagram for explaining the example of thereproducing apparatus according to the present invention;

[0066]FIG. 6 is a block diagram for explaining the example of thereproducing apparatus according to the present invention;

[0067]FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram for explaining a copy control usinga record medium according to the present invention;

[0068]FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram for explaining copy managementinformation;

[0069]FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram for explaining copy managementinformation;

[0070]FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram for explaining reproductionmanagement information;

[0071]FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram for explaining reproductionmanagement information;

[0072]FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram for explaining an example of amanagement for a plurality of generations;

[0073]FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram for explaining an example of amanagement for a plurality of devices;

[0074]FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram for explaining an example of amanagement for a plurality of devices;

[0075]FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a recordformat of additional information recorded as a watermark;

[0076]FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram showing another example of a recordformat of additional information recorded as a watermark;

[0077]FIG. 17 is a flow chart for explaining another embodiment of thepresent invention;

[0078]FIG. 18 is a flow chart for explaining another embodiment of thepresent invention;

[0079]FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram showing another example of a recordformat of additional information recorded as a watermark;

[0080]FIG. 20 is a flow chart for explaining another embodiment of thepresent invention; and

[0081]FIG. 21 is a flow chart for explaining another embodiment of thepresent invention.

BEST MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0082] Next, with reference to the accompanying drawings, embodiments ofthe present invention will be described. According to a first embodimentof the present invention, a plurality of types of copy managementinformation are provided corresponding to types of record mediums. Theplurality of types of copy management information corresponding to typesof record mediums are recorded on one record medium at a time. Using theplurality of types of copy management information corresponding to typesof record mediums, a copy operation is controlled.

[0083] As record mediums, read-only record mediums such as CD (CompactDisc) format optical discs and CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read Only Memory)format optical discs and recordable record mediums such as CD-R (CompactDisc Recordable) format discs and CD-RW (Compact Disc Rewritable) formatdiscs are used. Corresponding to these types of record mediums, copymanagement information SCMS-P for read-only record mediums such as CDand CD-ROM and copy management information SCMS-R for recordable recordmediums such as CD-R and CD-RW are provided.

[0084] Record mediums such as CD and CD-ROM can be treated asreproduction-only record mediums because pits are formed by injectionmolding. In contrast, record mediums such as CD-R and CD-RW can betreated as recordable record mediums because data is optically recordedby an optical pickup.

[0085] The copy management information SCMS-P and copy managementinformation SCMS-R can be recorded in the following methods.

[0086] (1) as additional information as a watermark, superimposed byspectrum spreading, inserted into a low order bit, inserted into a highorder coefficient of compressed data of a content, inserted usingmasking effect so that it does not exist in a content, or inserted intoa first peak or a second peak in a predetermined range or the vicinitythereof.

[0087] (2) recorded in a predetermined data area such as a sub code or aheader.

[0088] (3) recorded in a predetermined physical area of a record mediumsuch as a lead-in area or an area in which so-called TOC data isrecorded.

[0089] The copy management information SCMS-P and copy managementinformation SCMS-R may be recorded by one of the methods (1) to (3).Alternatively, they may be recorded by all the methods (1) to (3).Further alternatively, they may be recorded by some of the methods (1)to (3).

[0090] Record mediums such as CD and CD-ROM that are distributed andsold are quantitatively produced by using stampers created based on amaster disc. The master disc and CD and CD-ROM are produced by knownmethods.

[0091]FIG. 2 shows the structure of a recording apparatus in the casethat a master disc is produced. As shown in FIG. 2, when a master discis produced, data of a content is supplied to an input terminal 1. Thecopy management information SCMS-P and the copy management informationSCMS-R are supplied to input terminals 2 and 3, respectively. The dataof the content that is input to the input terminal 1 is supplied to anencoder 4. The encoder 4 encodes the data of the content with errorcorrection code.

[0092] The copy management information SCMS-P and the copy managementinformation SCMS-R that are input from the input terminal 3 are suppliedto a watermark generating circuit 7. The watermark generating circuit 7places the copy management information SCMS-P and the copy managementinformation SCMS-R in additional information as a watermark. An outputof the watermark generating circuit 7 is superimposed with the data ofthe content that is input from the input terminal 1.

[0093] The copy management information SCMS-P and the copy managementinformation SCMS-R that are input to the input terminal 2 are suppliedto a sub code encoder 6. The sub code encoder 6 places the copymanagement information SCMS-P and the copy management information SCMS-Rin the sub code data. The resultant sub code data is supplied to amodulating circuit 5.

[0094] An output of the modulating circuit 5 is supplied to an opticalpickup 9 through an RF amplifier 8. The optical pickup 9 records thedata of the content to a master disc 10 as a record medium. Theinformation of the watermark containing the copy management informationSCMS-P and the copy management information SCMS-R is superimposed withthe data recorded on the master disc 10. The sub code data contains thecopy management information SCMS-P and the copy management informationSCMS-R.

[0095] Discs that are sold and distributed are quantitatively producedby stampers produced based on the master disc 10 produced in theabove-described manner.

[0096] The two copy management information SCMS-P and copy managementinformation SCMS-R are recorded on one record medium at a time. When therecord medium is reproduced, one of the two copy management informationSCMS-P and copy management information SCMS-R is selected correspondingto the type of the record medium. Corresponding to the selected copymanagement information, a copy operation is controlled.

[0097] As shown in FIG. 8, the copy management information SCMS-P andthe copy management information SCMS-R manage a copy operation usinginformation of two bits each as with the SCMS copy managementinformation. In each of the copy management information SCMS-P and thecopy management information SCMS-R, (0, 0) represents copy free; (0, 1)represents one generation copy permitted; and (1, 1) represents copyprohibited.

[0098] Data of many contents is distributed with read-only recordmediums such as CD and CD-ROM. A copy operation that results in aproblem from a view point of copyright protection is a copy operationfrom a read-only record medium such as CD or CD-ROM to a recordablerecord medium such as CD-R or CD-RW.

[0099] According to the first embodiment of the present invention, dataof an original content is distributed with read-only record mediums. Acopy operation that results in a problem from a view point of copyrightprotection is a copy operation from a read-only record medium to arecordable record medium. According to the embodiment, the fact that thetype of a record medium on which data of an original content has beenrecorded is different from the type of a record medium on which the datais copied is considered.

[0100]FIG. 3 shows a copy control in the case that data of a content iscopied using two types of copy management information that are the copymanagement information SCMS-P for read-only record mediums and the copymanagement information SCMS-R for recordable record mediums. In FIG. 3,record mediums that are not hatched are read-only record mediums,whereas record mediums that are hatched are writable record mediums.

[0101] In FIG. 3, the case of which an original record medium 11A iscopied will be described. The original record medium 11A is a read-onlyrecord medium such as CD or CD-ROM. On the original record medium 11A,which is a read-only record medium, (0, 0) and (0, 0) are written as thecopy management information SCMS-P for read-only record mediums and copymanagement information SCMS-R for recordable record mediums,respectively.

[0102] Now, it is assumed that information of the original record medium11A is copied to a record medium 11B and a first generation copy of theoriginal record medium 11A is produced. The record medium 11E is arecordable record medium such as CD-R or CD-RW.

[0103] When information is copied from the record medium 11A to therecord medium 11B, the record medium 11A is reproduced and the copymanagement information of the original record medium 11A is checked. Asthe copy management information, there are two types of copy managementinformation that are the copy management information SCMS-P forread-only record mediums and the copy management information SCMS-R forrecordable record mediums. However, since the original record medium 11Ais a read-only record medium, the copy management information SCMS-P forread-only record mediums is checked. Since the copy managementinformation SCMS-P for read-only record mediums is (0, 0), it representsthat a copy operation is permitted. Thus, information can be copied fromthe record medium 11A to the record medium 11B. As a result, theinformation of the record medium 11A is copied to the record medium 11B.A first generation copy of the original record medium 11A is produced onthe record medium 11B.

[0104] The copy management information SCMS-P for read-only recordmediums and the copy management information SCMS-R for writable recordmediums that have been recorded on the original record medium 11A arerecorded as they are to the record medium 11B as the first generationcopy. Thus, (0, 0) and (0, 0) as the copy management information SCMS-Pfor read-only record mediums and the copy management information SCMS-Rfor recordable record mediums, respectively, are written to the recordmedium 11B as the first generation copy.

[0105] In addition, it is assumed that information of the record medium11B is copied to a record medium 11C so as to produce a secondgeneration copy of the record medium 11A. The record medium 11C is arecordable record medium such as CD-R or CD-RW.

[0106] When information is copied from the record medium 11B to therecord medium 11C, the record medium 11B is reproduced. At that point,the copy management information of the record medium 11B is checked.Since the record medium 11B is a recordable record medium, the copymanagement information SCMS-R for recordable record mediums is checked.Since the copy management information SCMS-R for recordable recordmediums is (0, 0), a copy operation is permitted. Thus, information canbe copied from the record medium 11B to the record medium 11C. As aresult, information of the record medium 11B is copied to the recordmedium 11C. A second generation copy of the original record medium 11Ais produced on the record medium 11C.

[0107] The copy management information SCMS-P for read-only recordmediums and the copy management information SCMS-R for recordable recordmediums that have been recorded on the record medium 11B are recorded asthey are to the record medium 11C as the second generation copy. Thus,(0, 0) and (0, 0) as the copy management information SCMS-P forread-only record mediums and the copy management information SCMS-R forrecordable record mediums, respectively, are written to the recordmedium 11C as the second generation copy, respectively.

[0108] In such a manner, when (0, 0) and (0, 0) as the copy managementinformation SCMS-P for read-only record mediums and the copy managementinformation SCMS-R for recordable record mediums, respectively, havebeen written to the original record medium 11A, a copy operation can befreely permitted in a plurality of generations.

[0109] Next, the case of which an original record medium 12A is copiedwill be described. The original record medium 12A is a read-only recordmedium such as CD or CD-ROM. On the original record medium 12A, (0, 1)and (1, 1) as the copy management information SCMS-P for read-onlyrecord mediums and the copy management information SCMS-R for recordablerecord mediums, respectively, have been written. It is assumed thatinformation of the record medium 12A is copied to a record medium 12B soas to produce a first generation copy of the record medium 12A. Therecord medium 12B is a recordable record medium such as CD-R or CD-RW.

[0110] When information is copied from the record medium 12A to therecord medium 12B, the record medium 12A is reproduced. At that point,the copy management information is checked. Since the original recordmedium 12A is a read-only record medium, the copy management informationSCMS-P for read-only record mediums is checked. Since the copymanagement information SCMS-P for read-only record mediums is (0, 1), acopy operation is performed in one generation. Thus, the information ofthe record medium 12A is copied to the record medium 12B. As a result,the information of the original record medium 12A is copied to therecord medium 12B. A first generation copy of the original record medium12A is produced on the record medium 12B.

[0111] The copy management information SCMS-P for read-only recordmediums and the copy management information SCMS-R for recordable recordmediums that have been recorded on the original record medium 12A arerecorded as they are to the record medium 12B as a first generationcopy. Thus, (0, 1) and (1, 1) as the copy management information SCMS-Pfor read-only record mediums and the copy management information SCMS-Rfor recordable record mediums, respectively, are written to the recordmedium 12B as the first generation copy.

[0112] Further, it is assumed that information of the record medium 12Bis copied to a record medium 12C so as to produce a second generationcopy of the record medium 12A. The record medium 12C is a recordablerecord medium such as CD-R or CD-RW.

[0113] When information is copied from the record medium 12B to therecord medium 12C, the record medium 12B is reproduced. At that point,the copy management information is checked. Since the record medium 12Bis a recordable record medium, the copy management information SCMS-Rfor recordable record mediums is checked. Since the copy managementinformation SCMS-R for recordable record medium is (1, 1), a copyoperation is prohibited. Thus, the information of the record medium 11Bcannot be copied to the record medium 11C.

[0114] In such a manner, when (0, 1) and (1, 1) as the copy managementinformation SCMS-P for read-only record mediums and the copy managementinformation SCMS-R for recordable record mediums, respectively, havebeen written to the original record medium 12A, a copy operation ispermitted in only one generation.

[0115] Next, the case of which an original record medium 13A is copiedwill be described. The original record medium 13A is a read-only recordmedium such as CD or CD-ROM. (1, 1) as the copy management informationSCMS-P for read-only record mediums has been written to the originalrecord medium 13A. In addition, since the original record medium 13A isprohibited from being copied, it is impossible to copy the informationof the record medium 13A to a recordable record medium. Thus, (1, 0) asthe copy management information SCMS-R for recordable record mediums hasbeen written to the record medium 13A. In this case, it is assumed thatthe information of the record medium 13A is copied to a record medium13B so as to produce a first generation copy of the record medium 13A.The record medium 13B is a recordable record medium such as CD-R orCD-RW.

[0116] When information is copied from the original record medium 13A tothe record medium 13B, the original record medium 13A is reproduced. Atthat point, the copy management information is checked. Since theoriginal record medium 13A is a read-only record medium, the copymanagement information SCMS-P for read-only record mediums is checked.Since the copy management information SCMS-P for read-only recordmediums is (1, 1), a copy operation is prohibited. Thus, informationcannot be copied from the record medium 13A to the record medium 13B.

[0117] In such a manner, when (1, 1) and (1, 0) as the copy managementinformation SCMS-P for read-only record mediums and the copy managementinformation SCMS-R for recordable record mediums, respectively, havebeen written to the original record medium 13A, a copy operation isprohibited.

[0118] As was described above, both the copy management informationSCMS-P for read-only record mediums and the copy management informationSCMS-R for recordable record mediums have been recorded to a recordmedium. When a record medium to be reproduced is a read-only recordmedium, a copy operation is controlled corresponding to the copymanagement information SCMS-P for read-only record mediums. When arecord medium to be reproduced is a recordable record medium, a copyoperation is controlled corresponding to the copy management informationSCMS-R for recordable record mediums.

[0119] In this case, as shown in FIG. 3, a copy free designation, a onegeneration copy designation, and a copy prohibition designation can beperformed. When a one copy generation designation is performed, it isnot necessary to rewrite the copy management information. Thus, when thecopy management information is recorded to additional information as awatermark, it is not necessary to rewrite the watermark.

[0120]FIG. 4 shows an example of a data reproducing apparatus thatcontrols a copy operation for a record medium using such two types ofcopy management information.

[0121] In FIG. 4, an optical disc 101 is rotated and driven by a spindlemotor 102. An optical pickup 103 that reproduces data from the opticaldisc 101 is disposed. A feed motor (not shown) that travels the opticalpickup 103 in the radius direction of the disc is disposed. A servocircuit that controls the rotation of the spindle motor 102 and a servocircuit that controls focusing and tracking of the optical pickup aredisposed.

[0122] Additional information as a watermark is superimposed to data ofa content recorded on the optical disc 101. A watermark is accomplishedby a method for inserting additional information using spectrumspreading, a method for inserting additional information to a low orderbit of a signal or a high order coefficient of compressed data, a methodfor inserting additional information using masking effect, and so forth.Additional information as a watermark contains copy managementinformation composed of copy management information SCMS-P for read-onlyrecord mediums and copy management information SCMS-R for recordablerecord mediums.

[0123] In addition to data of a content, data of sub code can berecorded on the optical disc 101. The data of the sub code contains copymanagement information composed of copy management information SCMS-Pfor read-only record mediums and copy management information SCMS-R forrecordable record mediums. The copy management information recorded asadditional information as a watermark is the same as the copy managementinformation contained in the data of the sub code.

[0124] The optical disc 101 is a reproduction-only optical disc (forexample, CD, CD-ROM, or CD2-ROM) or a recordable optical disc (forexample, CD-R, CD-RW, CD2-R, or CD2-RW). When the optical disc 101 is areproduction-only optical disc, it contains wobble information of whichpits are wobbled in the track direction.

[0125] A reproduction signal that is read from the optical disc 101 issupplied from the optical pickup 103 to a reproducing amplifier 104. Anoutput signal of the reproducing amplifier 104 is supplied to ademodulating circuit 105. The demodulating circuit 105 performs ademodulating process for data of an output signal supplied from thereproducing amplifier 104. Output data of the demodulating circuit 105is supplied to an error correcting circuit 106. In addition, the outputsignal of the demodulating circuit 105 is supplied to a sub code decoder107.

[0126] An output signal of the reproducing amplifier 104 is supplied toa wobble detecting circuit 113. An output of the wobble detectingcircuit 113 is supplied to a medium type determining circuit 115. Themedium type determining circuit 115 determines the type of the opticaldisc 101 that is reproduced corresponding to an output of the wobbledetecting circuit 113.

[0127] In other words, the wobble detecting circuit 113 detects wobbleinformation of which pits are wobbled and recorded in a perpendiculardirection of the track direction of the optical disc 101. Depending onwhether the wobble detecting circuit 113 can detect the wobbleinformation, the medium type determining circuit 115 determines whetherthe optical disc 101 is a reproduction-only disc or a recordable disc.When the wobble detecting circuit 113 has detected the wobbleinformation, the medium type determining circuit 115 determines that theoptical disc 101 is a reproduction-only disc. In contrast, when thewobble detecting circuit 113 has not detected the wobble information,the medium type determining circuit 115 determines that the optical disc101 is a recordable disc.

[0128] An error correcting circuit 106 performs an error correctingprocess for output data of the demodulating circuit 105. An output ofthe error correcting circuit 106 is supplied to a switch circuit 109. Inaddition, the output of the error correcting circuit 106 is supplied toa watermark detecting circuit 110. Output data of the error correctingcircuit 106 through the switch circuit 109 is output from a data outputterminal 121 through the switch circuit 118. In addition, the outputdata of the data output terminal 121 is supplied to a D/A converter 119.An output of the D/A converter 119 is obtained from an analog signaloutput terminal 120.

[0129] Data of a content that is read or reproduced from the opticaldisc 101 has been superimposed with additional information as awatermark. An output of the error correcting circuit 106 is supplied tothe watermark detecting circuit 110. The watermark detecting circuit 110detects additional information as a watermark superimposed in the dataof the content. The additional information as the watermark that hasbeen detected is supplied to a copy management information extractingcircuit 111.

[0130] The data reproduced from the optical disc 101 contains the dataof the sub code. The data of the sub code contains copy managementinformation SCMS-P and SCMS-R. An output of the demodulating circuit 105is supplied to the sub code decoder 107. The sub code decoder 107decodes the data of the sub code. An output of the sub code decoder 107is supplied to a copy management information extracting circuit 108.

[0131] A medium type determination signal is supplied from the mediumtype determining circuit 115 to the copy management informationextracting circuit 111 and the copy management information extractingcircuit 108. As was described above, the medium type determining circuit115 determines whether the optical disc 101 is a read-only disc or arecordable disc depending on whether a wobble signal is present orabsent. The medium type determining circuit 115 outputs the medium typedetermination signal corresponding to the determined record medium type.

[0132] The copy management information extracting circuit 111 selectsthe copy management information corresponding to the determined recordmedium type from the copy management information SCMS-P and SCMS-Rcorresponding to the medium type determination signal received from themedium type determining circuit 115. In other words, when the mediumtype determining circuit 115 has determined that the optical disc 101 isa read-only disc, the copy management information extracting circuit 111outputs the copy management information SCMS-P for read-only recordmediums as the copy management information contained in the additionalinformation as the watermark. In contrast, when the medium typedetermining circuit 115 has determined that the optical disc 101 is arecordable disc, the copy management information extracting circuit 111outputs the copy management information SCMS-R for recordable recordmediums as the copy management information contained in the additionalinformation as the watermark.

[0133] The copy management information extracting circuit 108 selectsthe copy management information corresponding to the record medium fromthe copy management information SCMS-P and SCMS-R contained in the dataof the sub code corresponding to the output of the medium typedetermining circuit 115. In other words, when the medium typedetermining circuit 115 has determined that the optical disc 101 is aread-only disc, the copy management information extracting circuit 108outputs the copy management information SCMS-P for read-only recordmediums as the copy management information contained in the data of thesub code. In contrast, when the medium type determining circuit 115 hasdetermined that the optical disc 101 is a recordable disc, the copymanagement information extracting circuit 108 outputs the copymanagement information SCMS-R for recordable record mediums as the copymanagement information contained in the data of the sub code.

[0134] An output of the copy management information extracting circuit111 and an output of the copy management information extracting circuit108 are supplied to a collating circuit 116. The collating circuit 116collates the copy management information SCMS-P or SCMS-R contained inthe sub code extracted by the copy management information extractingcircuit 108 with the copy management information SCMS-P or SCMS-Rcontained in the information as the watermark extracted by the copymanagement information extracting circuit 111.

[0135] Since the copy management information SCMS-P and SCMS-R containedin the sub code are normally the same as the copy management informationSCMS-P and SCMS-R contained in the additional information as thewatermark, the copy management information SCMS-P or SCMS-R contained inthe sub code extracted by the copy management information extractingcircuit 108 must be matched with the copy management information SCMS-Por SCMS-R contained in the additional information as the watermarkextracted by the copy management information extracting circuit 111.When the collated result of the collating circuit 116 represents thatthe copy management information contained in the sub code matches thecopy management information contained in the additional information asthe watermark, the switch circuit 109 is turned on.

[0136] An output of the collating circuit 116 is supplied to adetermining circuit 117. The determining circuit 117 controls the switchcircuit 118 corresponding to the copy management information SCMS-P orSCMS-R.

[0137] In other words, when the copy management information SCMS-P orSCMS-R is (0, 0) or (0, 1), since a copy operation is permitted or inonly one generation (see FIG. 8), the determining circuit 117 causes theswitch circuit 118 to be turned on. In contrast, when the copymanagement information SCMS-P or SCMS-R is (1, 1), since a copyoperation is prohibited, the determining circuit 117 causes the switchcircuit 118 to be turned off.

[0138] Thus, when the copy management information SCMS-P or SCMS-Rcontained in the sub code extracted by the copy management informationextracting circuit 108 matches the copy management information SCMS-P orSCMS-R contained in the information of the watermark extracted by thecopy management information extracting circuit 111, the switch circuit109 is turned on.

[0139] When the copy management information SCMS-P or SCMS-R is selectedcorresponding to the type of the record medium and the selected copymanagement information is (0, 0) or (0, 1), the switch circuit 118 isturned on. When the switch circuit 109 is turned on and the switchcircuit 118 is turned on, an output of the optical disc 101 that hasbeen decoded by the error correcting circuit 106 is output from the dataoutput terminal 121 through the switch circuit 109 and the switchcircuit 118. Thus, when the recording apparatus is connected to the dataoutput terminal 121, data can be copied.

[0140] When the copy management information SCMS-R is (1, 1), since acopy operation is prohibited (see FIG. 8), the switch circuit 118 isturned off. When the switch circuit 118 is turned off, an output of theoptical disc 101 that has been decoded by the error correcting circuit106 is not output from the data output terminal 121. Thus, even if therecording apparatus is connected to the data output terminal 121, datacannot be copied.

[0141] When the copy management information SCMS-P and SCMS-R have beenrecorded in the sub code and the watermark on the optical disc 101,corresponding to the copy management information SCMS-P and SCMS-R, theswitch circuit 118 is turned on/off so as to prevent an illegal copyoperation.

[0142]FIG. 5 explains a disc copy operation attempted in the case that arecording apparatus 150 is connected to the reproducing apparatus 100shown in FIG. 4.

[0143] It is assumed that a read-only optical disc 101A is loaded to thereproducing apparatus 100. Each of sub code and watermark of the opticaldisc 101A contains (0, 1) and (1, 1) as copy management informationSCMS-P for read-only record mediums and copy management informationSCMS-R for recordable record mediums.

[0144] When the optical disc 101A is reproduced by the reproducingapparatus 100, since wobble information is detected, the medium typedetermining circuit 115 determines that the optical disc 101A is aread-only disc.

[0145] The sub code decoder 107 decodes the copy management informationSCMS-P and SCMS-R recorded in the sub code of the reproduction data ofthe optical disc 101A. The sub code data is supplied to the copymanagement information extracting circuit 108. Since the medium typedetermining circuit 115 determines that the optical disc 101 is aread-only disc, the copy management information extracting circuit 108selects the copy management information SCMS-P for read-only recordmediums and outputs it.

[0146] The watermark detecting circuit 110 decodes the copy managementinformation SCMS-P and SCMS-R superimposed as a watermark and recordedas additional information in data of a content reproduced from theoptical disc 101A. The additional information added as the watermark issupplied to the copy management information extracting circuit 111.Since the optical disc 101A is a read-only disc, the copy managementinformation extracting circuit 111 selects the copy managementinformation SCMS-P.

[0147] When the copy management information SCMS-P extracted by the copymanagement information extracting circuit 108 matches the copymanagement information SCMS-P extracted by the copy managementinformation extracting circuit 111, the switch circuit 109 is turned on.At that point, corresponding to the copy management informationcontained in the sub code selected by the copy management informationextracting circuit 108 and the copy management information SCMS-Pcontained in the watermark extracted by the copy management informationextracting circuit 111, the switch circuit 118 is controlled. Since boththe copy management information contained in the sub code and the copymanagement information SCMS-P contained in the watermark are (0, 1), anoutput of the determining circuit 117 causes the switch circuit 118 tobe turned on.

[0148] Thus, the reproduction information of the optical disc 101A isdemodulated by the demodulating circuit 105. Thereafter, an error of thereproduction information is corrected by the error correcting circuit106. The resultant reproduction information is output from the dataoutput terminal 121 through the switch circuit 109 and the switchcircuit 118. The data that is output from the data output terminal 121is input to an input terminal of the recording apparatus 150. The datais recorded on an optical disc 101B loaded in the recording apparatus150.

[0149] At that point, the same copy management information as theoptical disc 101A is recorded to the optical disc 101B. Thus, the copymanagement information SCMS-P for read-only record mediums and the copymanagement information SCMS-R for recordable record mediums become(0, 1) and (1, 1), respectively.

[0150] Next, as shown in FIG. 6, it is assumed that the optical disc101B of which data of a content of the optical disc 101A has been copiedis loaded to the reproducing apparatus 100, that a recordable opticaldisc 101C is loaded to the recording apparatus 150, and that the opticaldisc 101B is tried to be copied to the optical disc 101C.

[0151] In this case, when the optical disc 101B is reproduced, since themedium type determining circuit 115 does not detect wobble informationfrom the optical disc 101B, the medium type determining circuit 115determines that the optical disc 101B is a recordable disc.

[0152] The sub code decoder 107 decodes the copy management informationSCMS-P and SCMS-R recorded in the sub code. Since the optical disc 101Bis a recordable disc, the copy management information extracting circuit108 selects the copy management information SCMS-R and outputs it.

[0153] The watermark detecting circuit 110 decodes the copy managementinformation SCMS-P and SCMS-R contained in the watermark. Since theoptical disc 101B is a writable disc, the copy management informationextracting circuit 111 selects the copy management information SCMS-Rand outputs it.

[0154] When the copy management information SCMS-R extracted by the copymanagement information extracting circuit 108 matches the copymanagement information SCMS-R extracted by the copy managementinformation extracting circuit 111, the switch circuit 109 is turned on.At that point, corresponding to the copy management informationcontained in the sub code and selected by the copy managementinformation extracting circuit 108 and the copy management informationcontained in the watermark and extracted by the copy managementinformation extracting circuit 111, the switch circuit 118 is switched.Since both the copy management information SCMS-R contained in the subcode and the copy management information SCMS-R contained in thewatermark are (1, 1), corresponding to an output of the determiningcircuit 117, the switch circuit 118 is turned off.

[0155] Thus, no data is output from the data output terminal 121. Thus,output data of the optical disc 101B cannot be recorded to the opticaldisc 101C loaded in the recording apparatus 150. Thus, when the copymanagement information for read-only record mediums and the copymanagement information for recordable record mediums are (0, 1) and (1,1), respectively, in the original optical disc 101, a copy operation ispermitted in only one generation.

[0156] In the above-described example, copy management information isrecorded in both sub code and watermark. This is because the copymanagement is enhanced and its reliability is improved.

[0157] Of course, copy management information may be recorded to one ofsub code and watermark. Alternatively, although copy managementinformation may be recorded to both sub code and watermark, one of themmay be used to manage a copy operation.

[0158] Further alternatively, copy management information may berecorded to other than sub code and watermark. For example, copymanagement information may be recorded to a predetermined area of arecord medium for example an area for TOC (Table Of Contents) data or alead-in area. Alternatively, copy management information may be recordedto a sector header.

[0159] In the above-described example, it is assumed that an originalrecord medium is a read-only record medium. However, it should be notedthat an original record medium is not always a read-only record medium.Instead, an original record medium may be provided as a recordablerecord medium. For example, the user may distribute a record medium thathe or she produced. Alternatively, the user may publish a content at hisor her own expense in limited production basis. In such cases, anoriginal record medium is a recordable record medium. In addition, whena downloaded content is original, an original record medium is arecordable record medium.

[0160]FIG. 7 shows an example of which an original record medium is arecordable record media. As with the above-described case, when anoriginal record medium is a recordable record medium, two types of copymanagement information SCMS-P for read-only record mediums and copymanagement information SCMS-R for recordable record mediums are used.Since it is impossible that information will be copied from a recordablerecord medium to a read-only record medium, as the copy managementinformation SCMS-P for read-only record mediums, (1, 0) that is reservedin the SCMS is used. When the copy management information SCMS-P forread-only record mediums is (1, 0), an original record medium is arecordable record medium.

[0161] In FIG. 7, an original record medium 14A is a recordable recordmedium. On the original record medium 14A, (1, 0) and (0, 0) as copymanagement information SCMS-P for read-only record mediums and copymanagement information SCMS-R for recordable record mediums have beenwritten, respectively. In this case, it is assumed that information ofthe record medium 11A is copied to a recordable record medium 14B so asto produce a first generation copy of the record medium 14A.

[0162] When information is copied from the record medium 14A to therecord medium 14B, the record medium 14A is reproduced. At that point,the copy management information is checked. Since the original recordmedium 14A is a recordable record medium, the copy managementinformation SCMS-R for recordable record mediums is checked. Since thecopy management information SCMS-R for recordable record mediums is (0,0), a copy operation is permitted. Thus, information is copied from therecord medium 14A to the record medium 14B. As a result, a firstgeneration copy of the record medium 14A is produced to the recordmedium 14B.

[0163] On the record medium 14B as the first generation copy of therecord medium 14A, the copy management information SCMS-P for read-onlyrecord mediums and the copy management information SCMS-R for recordablerecord mediums that have been recorded on the record medium 14A arerecorded as they are. Thus, on the record medium 14B as the firstgeneration copy of the record medium 14A, (1, 0) and (0, 0) as the copymanagement information SCMS-P for read-only record mediums and the copymanagement information SCMS-R for recordable record mediums arerecorded, respectively.

[0164] In addition, it is assumed that information of the record medium14B is copied to a record medium 14C so as to produce a secondgeneration copy of the record medium 14A.

[0165] When information is copied from the record medium 14B to therecord medium 14C, the record medium 14B is reproduced. At that point,the copy management information is checked. Since the record medium 14Bis a recordable record medium, the copy management information SCMS-Rfor recordable record mediums is checked. Since the copy managementinformation SCMS-R for recordable record mediums is (0, 0), a copyoperation is permitted. Thus, information is copied from the recordmedium 14B to the record medium 11C. As a result, information of therecord medium 14B is copied to the recordable record medium 14C. Asecond generation copy of the original record medium 14A is produced onthe record medium 14C.

[0166] On the record medium 14C as the second generation copy of therecord medium 14A, the copy management information SCMS-P for read-onlyrecord mediums and the copy management information SCMS-R for recordablerecord mediums that have been recorded on the record medium 14B arerecorded as they are. Thus, on the record medium 14C as the secondgeneration copy of the record medium 14A, (1, 0) and (0, 0) as the copymanagement information SCMS-P for read-only record mediums and the copymanagement information SCMS-R for recordable record mediums arerecorded, respectively.

[0167] When (1, 0) and (0, 0) as the copy management information SCMS-Pfor read-only record mediums and the copy management information SCMS-Rfor recordable record mediums have been recorded on the original recordmedium 14A, it can be freely copied.

[0168] Next, the case that an original record medium 15A is copied willbe described. The original record medium 15A is a writable recordmedium. On the original record medium 15A, (1, 0) and (0, 1) as the copymanagement information SCMS-P for read-only record mediums and the copymanagement information SCMS-R for recordable record mediums have beenrecorded, respectively. It is assumed that information of the recordmedium 15A is copied to a record medium 15B so as to produce a firstgeneration copy of the record medium 15A.

[0169] When information is copied from the record medium 15A to therecord medium 15B, the record medium 15A is reproduced. At that point,the copy management information is checked. Since the original recordmedium 15A is a recordable record medium, the copy managementinformation SCMS-R for recordable record mediums is checked. Since thecopy management information SCMS-R for recordable record mediums is (0,1), a copy operation is permitted in one generation. Thus, informationis copied from the record medium 15A to the record medium 15B. As aresult, on the record medium 15B, a first generation copy of theoriginal record medium 15A is produced.

[0170] At that point, the copy management information is changed(namely, rewritten) so that the information can be recorded in only onegeneration. In other words, on the record medium 15B as a firstgeneration copy, the copy management information SCMS-P for read-onlyrecord mediums is (1, 0). On the other hand, the copy managementinformation SCMS-R for recordable record mediums is rewritten to (1, 1)so that a further copy operation is prohibited.

[0171] For example, it is assumed that information of the record medium15B is tried to be copied to a record medium 15C so as to produce asecond generation copy of the record medium 15A.

[0172] When information is copied from the record medium 15B to therecord medium 15C, the record medium 15B is reproduced. At that point,the copy management information is checked. Since the record medium 15Bis a recordable record medium, the copy management information SCMS-Rfor recordable record medium is checked. Since the copy managementinformation SCMS-R for recordable record mediums is (1, 1), a copyoperation is prohibited. Thus, information of the record medium 15Bcannot be copied to the record medium 15C.

[0173] In such a manner, when (1, 0) and (0, 1) as the copy managementinformation SCMS-P for read-only record mediums and the copy managementinformation SCMS-R for recordable record mediums have been recorded onthe original record medium 15A, respectively, a copy operation ispermitted in only one generation.

[0174] Next, the case that an original record medium 16A is copied willbe described. The original record medium 16A is a recordable recordmedium. On the original record medium 16A, (1, 0) and (1, 1) as the copymanagement information SCMS-P for read-only record mediums and the copymanagement information SCMS-R for recordable record mediums have beenrecorded, respectively. It is assumed that information of the recordmedium 16A is tried to be copied to a recordable record medium 16B so asto produce a first generation copy of the record medium 16A.

[0175] When information is copied from the record medium 16A to therecord medium 16B, the record medium 16A is reproduced. At that point,the copy management information is checked. Since the original recordmedium 16A is a recordable record medium, the copy managementinformation SCMS-R for recordable record mediums is checked. Since thecopy management information SCMS-R for recordable record mediums is (1,1), a copy operation is prohibited. Thus, information cannot be copiedfrom the record medium 16A to the record medium 16B.

[0176] Thus, when (1, 0) and (1, 1) as the copy management informationSCMS-P for read-only record mediums and the copy management informationSCMS-R for recordable record mediums have been recorded on the originalrecord medium 16A, respectively, a copy operation is prohibited.

[0177]FIGS. 8 and 9 show the relation between the states of the copymanagement information SCMS-P for read-only record mediums and the copymanagement information SCMS-R for recordable record mediums and copyoperations controlled corresponding thereto. In FIGS. 8 and 9, in bitsb0 to b3, bits b0 and b1 represent the copy management informationSCMS-P for read-only record mediums, whereas bits b2 and b3 representthe copy management information SCMS-R for recordable record mediums.

[0178] In the description with reference to FIGS. 3 and 7, the copymanagement information SCMS-P for read-only record mediums and the copymanagement information SCMS-R for recordable record mediums areseparately described. However, in FIGS. 8 and 9, the copy managementinformation is treated as four bits of which two high order bits and twolow order bits are used to represent the copy management informationSCMS-P for read-only record mediums and the copy management informationSCMS-R for recordable record mediums, respectively. FIG. 8 showsdefinitions of the copy management information SCMS-P and SCMS-R thatare basically the same as the conventional SCMS. FIG. 9 shows the statesof the copy management information SCMS-P and SCMS-R and copy operationscorresponding thereto.

[0179] According to the above-described first embodiment, a plurality oftypes of copy management information corresponding to a plurality oftypes of record mediums are provided. The plurality of types of copymanagement information corresponding to the plurality of types of recordmediums are recorded on one record medium at a time. When the recordmedium is reproduced, the type thereof is determined. The copymanagement information corresponding to the type of the record medium isselected. Corresponding to the selected copy management information, thecopy managements are performed.

[0180] According to a second embodiment, reproduction managementinformation is used instead of the copy management information used inthe above-described first embodiment.

[0181] The reproduction management is performed in such a manner thatunless a predetermined fee is paid, a reproducing operation is notpermitted. When the predetermined fee is paid, a reproducing operationis permitted. When the reproduction management is performed, a fee paidfor reproducing an original record medium may be different from a feepaid for reproducing a copied record medium. According to theabove-described first embodiment, a copy prohibition in each generationis controlled. Thus, when the copy management information used in thefirst embodiment is substituted with the reproduction managementinformation, a reproducing operation can be controlled in eachgeneration.

[0182] In other words, according to the second embodiment, reproductionmanagement information DRM-P for read-only record mediums andreproduction management information DRM-R for recordable record mediumsare used. For example, the reproduction management information DRM-P andDRM-R are defined as shown in FIG. 10.

[0183] In FIG. 10, bits b0 to b3 are reproduction management informationDRM-P for read-only record mediums, whereas bits b4 to b7 arereproduction management information DRM-R for writable record mediums.

[0184] Since the reproduction management control manages a reproducingoperation depending on whether the record medium is an original recordmedium or a non-original record medium, it can be stated that thereproduction management information DRM-P for read-only record mediumsis reproduction management information for original record mediums andthe reproduction management information DRM-R for recordable recordmediums is reproduction management information for non-original recordmediums.

[0185] When two high order bits of each of the reproduction managementinformation DRM-P and DRM-R are (1, 0), they represent a chargedreproduction. At that point, the two low order bits of each of thereproduction management information DRM-P and DRM-R represent chargingconditions. For example, when the two low order bits are (0, 0), ¥10 persong is charged. When the two low order bits are (0, 1), ¥100 per songis charged. For example, when two low order bits are (1, 0), ¥1 forreproduction every 30 seconds is charged. When the two low order bitsare (1, 1), ¥2 for reproduction every 30 seconds is charged.

[0186] For example, it is assumed that two types of reproductionmanagement information DRM-P and DRM-R recorded on a record medium are(0, 0, 0, 0) and (1, 0, 1, 0), respectively. In this case, when therecord medium that is reproduced is a read-only record medium, thereproduction management information DRM-P for read-only record mediumsis used. Since the reproduction management information DRM-P forread-only record mediums is (0, 0, 0, 0), a free reproduction isperformed. In contrast, when the record medium that is reproduced is awritable record medium, the reproduction management information DRM-Rfor writable record mediums is used. Since the reproduction managementinformation DRM-R for writable record mediums is (1, 0, 1, 0), ¥1 forreproduction every 30 seconds is charged.

[0187] For example, it is assumed that information of an original recordmedium is copied to another recordable record medium. In this case, therecord medium to which the information has been copied is a recordablerecord medium. Thus, the reproduction is controlled corresponding to thereproduction management information DRM-R for recordable record mediums.Since the reproduction management information DRM-R for writable recordmediums is (1, 0, 1, 0), ¥1 for reproduction every 30 seconds ischarged.

[0188] Thus, when an original record medium is a read-only recordmedium, if (0, 0, 0, 0) and (1, 0, 1, 0) as the reproduction managementinformation DRM-P and the reproduction management information DRM-R forrecordable record mediums have been recorded on the original recordmedium, the type of the record medium is determined. When the originalrecord medium is reproduced, a free reproduction is performed. Wheninformation is reproduced from a copied record medium, ¥1 forreproduction every 30 seconds is charged.

[0189]FIG. 11 shows the relation between states of the reproductionmanagement information DRM-P for read-only record mediums andreproduction management information DRM-R for recordable record mediumsand reproducing operations performed corresponding thereto. In theexample, in bits b0 to b7, bits b0 to b3 represent reproductionmanagement information DRM-P for read-only record mediums and bits b4 tob7 represent reproduction management information DRM-R for recordablerecord mediums.

[0190] In the above-described examples, using information for read-onlyrecord mediums and information for writable record mediums, a control inonly one generation is performed. In other words, according to the firstembodiment, using the copy management information SCMS-P for read-onlyrecord mediums and the copy management information SCMS-R for recordablerecord mediums, copy operations for an original record medium and acopied record medium are controlled. In contrast, according to thesecond embodiment, using the reproduction management information DRM-Pfor read-only record mediums and reproduction management informationDRM-R for recordable record mediums, reproducing conditions for anoriginal record medium and a copied record medium are controlled.

[0191] When generations can be managed with a particular means, a copycontrol can be extended to a plurality of generations as shown in FIG.12.

[0192] In the example shown in FIG. 12, copy management information CP1for original record mediums, copy management information CP2 for firstgeneration copied record mediums, and copy management information CP3for second or later generation copied record mediums are recorded at atime. The generation of the reproduced record medium is determined. Whenthe record medium is an original record medium, a copy process isperformed corresponding to the copy management information CP1 fororiginal record mediums. When the record medium is a first generationcopied record medium, a copy process is performed corresponding to thecopy management information CP2 for first generation copied recordmediums. When the record medium is a second or later generation copiedrecord medium, a copy process is performed corresponding to the copymanagement information CP3 for second or later generation copied recordmediums.

[0193] Of course, by adding copy management information, copy operationsin the third generation and fourth generation can be managed.

[0194] When the copy management information is extended, even if a copyoperation in the second generation is prohibited, a charged copyoperation may be permitted. For example, in FIG. 12, the copy managementinformation CP1 for original record mediums and the copy managementinformation CP2 for first generation copied record mediums representconditions in which a copy operation is permitted or prohibited. When acopy operation is permitted, it can be freely performed. The copymanagement information CP3 for second or later generation copied recordmediums represents charging conditions when a free copy operation isprohibited and a charged copy operation is permitted. Thus, although acopy operation in the second or later generation is prohibited, acharged copy operation in the second or later generation may bepermitted.

[0195]FIG. 13 shows copy conditions corresponding to characteristics ofrecord mediums. In other words, in the example, copy managementinformation CP11 for CD, copy management information CP12 for CD-R, copymanagement information CP13 for hard disk drive, copy managementinformation CP14 for so-called MD (Mini Disc), and copy managementinformation CP15 for semiconductor memory card are provided. These copymanagement information CP11 to CP15 are recorded on a record medium at atime. When the record medium is reproduced, corresponding to thereproducing device, one of the copy management information CP11 to CP15is selected. Corresponding to the reproducing device and the copymanagement information corresponding thereto, the copy operation iscontrolled.

[0196]FIG. 14 shows an example of copy management information recordedas copy management information CP11, CP12, CP13, CP14, and CP15. In theexample, it is assumed that a record medium for the CD is an originalrecord medium and thereby the copy management information CP11 for CD is(0, 0, 0, 1). Thus, it represents that a copy operation is permitted inonly one generation. Thus, one generation copy of the original recordmedium is permitted. The copy management information for CD is (0, 1,1, 1) so that a copy operation for CD-R is prohibited. The copymanagement information CP13 for hard disk is (1, 0, 1, 0) so thatalthough data can be temporarily recorded to the hard disk, data cannotbe reproduced therefrom. The copy management information CP14 for MD is(0, 1, 1, 1) so that a copy operation for MD is prohibited. Since amemory card can copy data at high speed, the copy management informationCP15 for memory card is (0, 1, 1, 0) so that a copy operation isprohibited and only a moving operation is permitted. In this example,“moving operation” represents a process or an operation of which wheninformation is copied from a copy source medium to a copy destinationmedium, the information copied on the copy source medium is prohibitedfrom being reproduced and information copied on the copy destinationmedium is permitted to be reproduced.

[0197] Alternatively, conditions of which a copy operation is permittedin one time speed and a copy operation is prohibited in four times speedmay be designated. In this example, “one time speed” represents astandard record/reproduction speed defined in standard applied for themedium. Likewise, “four times speed” represents a speed four timeshigher than the standard record/reproduction speed.

[0198] As was described above, when a plurality of types of copymanagement information, reproduction management information, andcharging management information corresponding to a plurality of types ofreproducing devices are recorded at a time. When a copy condition, areproducing condition, and a charging condition for the device areselected and designated, a copy operation, a reproducing operation, anda charging operation can be managed in a plurality of generations. Allthe plurality of types of copy management information, reproductionmanagement information, and charging management informationcorresponding to the plurality of devices may be recorded.Alternatively, one or several of the plurality of types of copymanagement information, reproduction management information, andcharging management information corresponding to the plurality ofdevices may be recorded.

[0199] Corresponding to a condition of which the record medium is anoriginal record medium or a copied record medium, a plurality of typesof copy management information, reproduction management information, andcharging management information may be recorded at a time. In addition,information about medium types may be provided.

[0200] For example, FIG. 15 shows an example of the structure of data ofa watermark superimposed to data of a content recorded on an opticaldisc. In FIG. 15, watermark information is superimposed and recorded todata of a content. One unit of the watermark information is composed of256 bits. The watermark information is repeatedly written for example 16times.

[0201] At the beginning of each unit of 256 bits of the watermarkinformation, sync data and parity are placed. The sync data is composedof a patterned sync having a predetermined pattern and an inverted syncthereof. Each of the patterned sync and the inverted pattern is composedof for example 14 bits. Corresponding to the sync data, an errordetection parity and an error correction parity are placed. The paritiesseparate the patterned sync from the inverted sync.

[0202] The sync data is followed by a header of four bits. As mentionedabove, the data of the watermark is repeatedly written 16 times. Theheader is time code used to count the watermarks repeatedly written.

[0203] The header is followed by copyright information of four bits,original medium identification information of four bits, original copystatus information of two bits, and non-original copy status informationof two bits.

[0204] The copyright information designates whether or not a copyprotection can be performed. In the example, a copy protection can bedesignated for each of content types such as audio and video.

[0205] The original medium identification information describes themedium type of the original of the content. When the medium is anoriginal medium, the type of the record medium represented by theoriginal medium identification information should match the type of thereproduced record medium. When the type of the record medium representedby the original medium identification information is compared with thetype of the record medium that is actually reproduced, it can bedetermined whether the record medium is an original record medium or anon-original record medium.

[0206] The original copy status represents copy and charging conditionswhen the record medium is an original record medium.

[0207] The non-original copy status represents copy and chargingconditions when the record medium is a non-original record medium.

[0208] The non-original copy status is followed by a DRM (Digital RightsManagement) payload of 32 bits (reserved). The DRM payload containsmanagement information.

[0209] The DRM payload is followed by an encryption key of 128 bits. Theencryption key is followed by generation management information of 16bits.

[0210] The generation management information represents whether therecord medium is an original record medium or a copied record medium.When the record medium is a copied record medium, the generationmanagement information represents in what generation the record mediumhas been copied. In the example, the generation management informationis repeatedly written four times. Whenever the content is copied, thegeneration management information is rewritten.

[0211] The generation management information is followed by errordetection CRC code of 32 bits. The CRC code is used to detect an error.

[0212] The generation management information is repeatedly written fourtimes so as to improve the reliability thereof. In other words, since itis difficult to rewrite information of the watermark, the generationmanagement information is not contained in a CRC error detection block.If the generation management information is contained in an errordetection block, whenever the generation is rewritten, the CRC codeshould be calculated and changed. However, when the generationmanagement information is not contained in a CRC block, the reliabilityis lost. To prevent such a problem, the generation managementinformation is repeatedly written four times so as to improve thereliability thereof.

[0213] In the example, the original medium identification information isprovided. With the original medium identification information, the typeof an original medium can be identified. When the reproduced recordmedium is an original record medium, the type of the record mediumrepresented by the original medium identification information must bethe same as the type of the record medium that is actually reproduced.Thus, when the identification information of the original medium iscompared with the type of the record medium that is actually reproduced,it can be determined whether the reproduced record medium is an originalrecord medium or a non-original record medium.

[0214] In the example, there are an original copy status and anon-original copy status. When the record medium is an original recordmedium, corresponding to the original copy status, a copy operation, areproducing operation, and a charging operation are controlled. When therecord medium is a non-original record medium (namely, a copied recordmedium), corresponding to the non-original copy status, a copyoperation, a reproducing operation, and a charging operation arecontrolled.

[0215] In the example, generation information is provided. With thegeneration information, a process corresponding to a copy generation canbe performed.

[0216]FIG. 16 shows a third embodiment. In the above-described examples,when data of a content is recorded, a plurality of types of copymanagement information corresponding to a plurality of types of recordmediums are recorded at a time. The type of the record medium on whichdata of a content has been recorded is determined. With the copymanagement information corresponding to the record medium, a copyoperation is managed.

[0217] On the other hand, in this example, original type information andcopy management information are pare-recorded on a record medium. Thetype of the record medium obtained corresponding to the original typeinformation is compared with the type of the record medium that isactually reproduced so as to determine whether or not the record mediumis an original record medium. When the determined result represents thatthe record medium is an original record medium, using the copymanagement information recorded on the record medium, a copy operationis managed. In contrast, when the determined result represents that therecord medium is not an original record medium, a copy operation ismanaged by supposing that the record medium is a copied record mediumand thereby the generation of the copy management information has beenadvanced.

[0218]FIG. 16 shows the structure of a watermark embedded to data of acontent in such a case. Data of a watermark is embedded to the leastsignificant bit of data of a content. Data of a watermark is processedas one information unit (packet) of 48 bits.

[0219] In the example, a watermark is embedded to the least significantbit of a content. Of course, a spectrum spreading method, a method fordetecting a peak value and embedding a watermark thereto, a method forembedding a watermark to a high order coefficient of compressed data, amethod using masking, and so forth can be used.

[0220] As shown in FIG. 16, at the beginning of one packet (48 bits) ofdata of a watermark, a sync is placed. The sync is used to detect thebeginning of the packet and establish synchronization thereof.

[0221] The sync is followed by original type information of two bits.The original type information is used to identify the type of anoriginal record medium. When the original type information is (0, 0), itrepresents that the original record medium is a read-only medium (suchas CD-DA (Compact Disc-Digital Audio) or CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read OnlyMemory). When the original type information is (0, 1), it representsthat the original record medium is a non-ROM recordable record medium(such as CD-R (Compact Disc Recordable) or CD-RW (Compact DiscRewritable)). When the original type information is (1, 0), itrepresents that the original record medium is a hybrid record medium(having a ROM area and a non-ROM area).

[0222] The original type information is followed by copy managementinformation of two bits. When the copy management information is (0, 0),it represents that a copy operation is prohibited. When the copymanagement information is (0, 1), it represents that a copy operation ispermitted in one generation. When the copy management information is (1,1), it represents that a copy operation can be freely performed.

[0223] In the example, when the original type information recorded onthe record medium is different from the type of the real record mediumand thereby the determined result represents that the record medium is acopied record medium, since it is supposed that a copy operation hasbeen performed in at least one generation, supposing that copymanagement information of which the copy generation is advanced by oneis new copy management information, a copy operation is managed. In thiscase, when the determined result represents that the record medium isnot an original record medium, supposing that copy managementinformation of which the copy generation is advanced by one is new copymanagement information, even if the copy management information is notrewritten, a copy generation can be managed.

[0224] In other words, by comparing the type of the record mediumrepresented by the original type information with the type of the recordmedium that is actually reproduced, it is determined whether or not therecord medium is an original record medium. When the determined resultrepresents that the record medium is an original record medium,corresponding to the copy management information of the record medium, acopy operation is managed.

[0225] On the other hand, when the type of the record medium representedby the original type information is compared with the type of the recordmedium that is actually reproduced, if the determined result representsthat the record medium is not an original record medium, correspondingto copy management information of which the copy generation has beenadvanced by one, a copy operation is managed.

[0226]FIG. 17 is a flow chart showing the above-described process. InFIG. 17, when the record medium is reproduced, the type of thereproduced record medium is identified (at step S11). When the recordmedium is a reproduction-only record medium, since it contains wobbleinformation of which pits are wobbled and recorded in the trackdirection (namely, the radius direction of the record medium), the typeof the record medium can be determined depending on whether or not thewobble information can be detected.

[0227] Thereafter, the original type information is read from themanagement information (at step S12).

[0228] The type of the record medium identified at step S11 is comparedwith the original type information that is read at step S12.Corresponding to the compared result, it is determined whether or notthe record medium that is reproduced is an original record medium (atstep S13).

[0229] When the determined result at step S11 represents that the recordmedium that is reproduced is a CD-ROM and the original type informationthat is read at step S12 is (0, 0), which represents a read-only recordmedium, since the type of the record medium that is reproduced matchesthe original type information, it is determined that the record mediumis an original record medium. In contrast, when the determined result atstep S11 represents that the record medium that is reproduced is aCD-ROM and the original type information that is read at step S12 is (0,1), which represents a non-ROM record medium, since the types of therecord mediums are different, it is determined that the record medium isnot an original record medium.

[0230] When the determined result at step S13 represents that the recordmedium is an original record medium, a copy operation is managedcorresponding to the copy management information (at step S14).

[0231] In contrast, when the determined result at step S13 representsthat the record medium is not an original record medium, a copyoperation is managed corresponding to the copy management information ofwhich the copy generation has been advanced by one.

[0232] When the determined result at step S13 represents that the recordmedium is not an original record medium, it is determined whether or notthe copy management information is (0, 1) (at step S15).

[0233] When the determined result at step S15 represents that the copymanagement information is not (0, 1), a copy operation is managedcorresponding to the copy management information (at step S16). In otherwords, when the copy management information is (1, 1), which representsthat a copy operation can be freely performed, even if the copygeneration is advanced by one, the copy management information is notchanged from the copy free state (1, 1). Likewise, when the copymanagement information is (0, 0), which represents that a copy operationis prohibited, even if the copy generation is advanced by one, the copymanagement information is not changed from (0, 0). Thus, when the copymanagement information is (1, 1), a copy operation is permitted. Incontrast, when the copy management information is (0, 0), a copyoperation is prohibited.

[0234] When the determined result at step S15 represents that the copymanagement information is (0, 1), the copy generation of the copymanagement information is advanced by one. Supposing that the copymanagement information is (0, 0), a copy operation is managed (at stepS17). When the copy management information is (0, 1), which representsthat a copy operation is permitted in one generation, if the copygeneration is advanced by one, the copy management information becomes(0, 0), which represents that a copy operation is prohibited. Thus, whenthe copy management information is (0, 1), supposing that the copymanagement information is (0, 0), a copy operation is prohibited.

[0235] As was described above, in the example, when the original typeinformation recorded on the record medium is different from the type ofthe real record medium and thereby it is determined that the recordmedium is a copied record medium, since it is considered that a copyoperation has been performed in at least one generation, supposing thatthe copy generation of the management information has been advanced byone, a copy operation is managed. When the determined result representsthat the record medium is not an original record medium, supposing thatthe copy generation of the copy management information has been advancedby one, a copy operation is managed. Thus, without need to rewrite thecopy management information, the copy generation can be managed.

[0236] In the above-described example, when the record medium is not anoriginal record medium and the copy management information is (0, 1), aprocess is performed supposing that the copy management information is(0, 0) of which the copy generation has been advanced by one. In thiscase, however, as shown in FIG. 18, the copy management information maybe rewritten.

[0237] In FIG. 18, steps S21 to S26 are the same as steps S11 to S16shown in FIG. 17. At step S25, when the record medium is not an originalrecord medium and the copy management information is (0, 1), the flowadvances to step S27. At step S27, the copy management information ischanged from (0, 1) to (0, 0). Thereafter, at step S26, corresponding tothe copy management information, a copy operation is managed.

[0238]FIG. 19 shows another example. In the example, copy generationinformation is provided. The copy generation information represents inwhat generation the record medium has been copied. With the copygeneration information, a copy operation can be managed in a pluralityof generations.

[0239] As shown in FIG. 19, data of a watermark is processed as oneinformation unit (packet) of 64 bits. At the beginning of a packet, async of 16 bits is placed. The sync is used to detect the beginning ofthe packet and establish synchronization thereof.

[0240] The sync is followed by original type information of four bits.The original type information represents the type of an original recordmedium. For example, when the original type information is (0, 0, 0, 0),it represents a CD-DA format disc as a record medium. When the originaltype information is (0, 0, 0, 1), it represents a CD-DA2 format disc asa record medium. When the original type information is (0, 0, 1, 0), itrepresents an SA (Super Audio)-CD format disc as a record medium. Whenthe original type information is (0, 0, 1, 1), it represents a DVD(Digital versatile Disc) audio format disc as a record medium. When theoriginal type information is (0, 1, 0, 0), it represents a CD-R formatdisc as a record medium. When the original type information is (0, 1, 0,0), it represents a CD2-R format disc as a record medium. When theoriginal type information is (0, 1, 1, 0), it represents a CD-RW formatdisc as a record medium. When the original type information is (0, 1, 1,1), it represents a CD2-RW format disc as a record medium. When theoriginal type information is (1, 0, 0, 0), it represents an MD (MiniDisc) format disc as a record medium. When the original type informationis (1, 1, 1, 1), it represents any record medium.

[0241] The original type information is followed by copy managementinformation of two bits. The copy management information is used tomange copyright. For example, when the copy management information is(0, 0), it represents that a copy operation can be freely performed.When the copy management information is (0, 1), it represents that acopy operation is permitted in only one generation. When the copymanagement information is (1, 0), it represents that a charged copyoperation is permitted. When the copy management information is (1, 1),it represents that a copy operation is prohibited.

[0242] The copy management information is followed by generationinformation of two bits. For example, when the generation information is(0, 0), it represents an original. When the generation information is(0, 1), it represents a first generation copy. When the generationinformation is (1, 0), it represents a second generation copy. When thegeneration information is (1, 1), it represents a third or latergeneration copy.

[0243] The copy generation information is followed by charginginformation of 12 bits. When a copy operation is permitted with a fee orwhen a fee is paid whenever each song is reproduced, the copy generationinformation is followed by the charging information.

[0244] The charging information is followed by a reserved area of 12bits. At the end of one packet, CRC, code of 16 bits is placed. The CRCcode is used to detect an error.

[0245] In the example shown in FIG. 19, as was described above, the copygeneration information is provided. The copy generation informationrepresents in what generation data recorded on the record medium hasbeen copied. Whenever a copy operation is performed, the copy generationinformation is rewritten.

[0246] In consideration of the original type information and copygeneration information recorded on the record medium and the type of thereal record medium together, it is determined whether or not the recordmedium is an original record medium. When the determined resultrepresents that the record medium is not an original record medium,since it is considered that a copy operation has been performed in atleast one generation, the copy generation of the copy generationinformation is advanced by one. In such a manner, a copy operation canbe managed in a plurality of generations.

[0247]FIG. 20 is a flow chart showing the above-described process. InFIG. 20, when the record medium is reproduced, the type of the recordmedium that is reproduced or the type of the record medium as a copysource is identified (at step S51). Thereafter, the managementinformation is read from the watermark (at step S52). The managementinformation contains the original type, the copy management information,the copy generation information, the charging information, and so forthshown in FIG. 19.

[0248] In consideration of the record medium type identificationinformation obtained at step S51 and the original identificationinformation and the copy generation information contained in themanagement information that is read at step S52 together, theprobability of which the record medium is an original record medium ischecked (at step S53). As a result, it is determined whether or not therecord medium is an original record medium (at step S54). Although theidentified result of the record medium at step S51 is a recordablerecord medium, when the original identification information is (0000) oralthough the original identification information is (0000), when thecopy generation information is (01), they are not consistent. Thus, itis determined that the record medium is not an original record medium.

[0249] When the determined result at step S54 represents that the recordmedium as a copy source is an original record medium, since the copygeneration of the record medium is advanced by one, the copy generationinformation is incremented by one (at step S55).

[0250] Corresponding to the copy generation information, the copymanagement information, and the charging information, a recordingoperation is controlled (at step S56). In other words, when the copymanagement information is (0, 0), which represents that a copy operationcan be freely performed, a copy operation for data is permitted. Whenthe management information is (0, 1), which represents a copy operationis permitted in one generation, a copy operation for data is permitted.When the copy management information is (1, 0), which represents that acharged copy operation is permitted, if a charging operation isperformed corresponding to the copy generation information and thecharging information, a copy operation for data is permitted. When thecopy management information is (1, 1), which represents that a copyoperation is prohibited, a copy operation for data is prohibited.

[0251] When the determined result at step S54 represents that the recordmedium as the copy source is not an original record medium, since therecord medium is not an original record medium, supposing that a copyoperation has been performed in at least one generation, the copygeneration information is incremented by one (at step S57).

[0252] When a copy operation for data is performed, since the copygeneration of the generation information of the record medium in thenext generation as the copy source is advanced by one, the next copygeneration information is incremented by one (at step S58).

[0253] Thereafter, corresponding to the copy generation information, thecopy management information, and the charging information, a recordingoperation is controlled (at step S59). At that point, at step S57, thecopy generation management information has been incremented by one. Withthe copy generation management information of which the copy generationis advanced by one, a copy operation is managed.

[0254] In the above-described example, a copy operation is managed usingthe management information. In addition, a reproducing operation can bealso managed.

[0255]FIG. 21 is an example of which a reproducing operation is managedusing the management information. In FIG. 21, steps S61 to S64 are thesame as steps S51 to S54 shown in FIG. 20.

[0256] When the determined result at step S64 represents that the recordmedium is an original record medium, the flow advances to step S65. Atstep S65, a reproducing operation is controlled corresponding to themanagement information. For example, as shown in FIG. 10, when data of acontent to be reproduced from the record medium is charged data, acharging process should be normally performed. When the charging processhas been normally performed, the data of the content is reproduced.Thereafter, the next copy generation information is incremented (at stepS66). Corresponding to the copy generation information, the copymanagement information, and the charging information, the recordingoperation is controlled (at step S67).

[0257] When the determined result at step S64 represents that the recordmedium is not an original record medium, although it is clear that acopy operation has been performed in at least one generation, since thecopy generation information has not been rewritten, a reproducingoperation may be prohibited (at step S68).

[0258] Generally, since a copy operation has been performed in at leastone generation, the copy generation information is incremented by one(at step S69). Corresponding to the copy generation information, thecopy management information, and the charging information, a reproducingoperation is controlled (at step S70). Thereafter, when a copy operationis performed, since the copy generation is advanced by one, the copygeneration information is incremented by one (at step S71).

[0259] Corresponding to the copy generation information, the copymanagement information, and the charging information, a recordingoperation is controlled (at step S72). At that point, at step S69, thecopy generation management information has been incremented by one. Withthe copy generation management information of which the copy generationhas been advanced by one, a copy operation is managed.

[0260] Thus, in the example, when the original type information recordedon the record medium is different from the type of the real recordmedium, it is determined that the record medium is a copied recordmedium. In that case, since it is considered that a copy operation hasbeen performed in at least one generation, supposing that the copymanagement information of which the copy generation has been advanced byone is the current copy management information, a copy operation ismanaged. Thus, without need to rewrite the copy management information,the copy generation can be managed.

[0261] In the example, assuming that a copy generation is managed in theprecondition that whenever a copy operation is performed, the copymanagement information and the copy generation information are rewrittencorresponding to a predetermined rule, when the original typeinformation recorded on the record medium is different from the type ofthe real record medium, it is determined that the record medium is acopied record medium. In this case, corresponding to the predeterminedrule, the copy management information and the copy generationinformation are forcedly rewritten. Thus, a copied record medium thatdoes not comply with the predetermined rule is not distributed. Thus,the copyright can be protected.

[0262] In the above-described examples, a copy management in the casethat a record medium such as a CD-DA disc or a CD-ROM disc on which dataof a content has been recorded is copied to a recordable record mediumsuch as a CD-R disc or a CD-RW disc was described. However, the presentinvention can be also applied for protecting copyright of music that isdistributed through the Internet.

[0263] In other words, when music is distributed through the Internet,there is a risk of which data of a content is illegally copied anddistributed. However, according to the present invention, when data of acontent is reproduced by a non-original record medium, a copy operationand a reproducing operation can be restricted. Thus, when music isdistributed through the Internet, the copyright can be protected.

[0264] According to the present invention, copy management informationSCMS-P for read-only record mediums and copy management informationSCMS-R for recordable record mediums are pre-recorded to a record mediumat a time. When the record medium that is reproduced is a read-onlyrecord medium, a copy operation is controlled corresponding to the copymanagement information SCMS-P for read-only record mediums. In contrast,when the record medium that is reproduced is a recordable record medium,a copy operation is controlled corresponding to the copy managementinformation SCMS-R for recordable record mediums. Thus, without need torewrite the copy management information, a copy operation can becontrolled in a plurality of generations.

[0265] When reproduction management information for read-only recordmediums and reproduction management information for recordable recordmediums are prerecorded to a record medium, a reproducing operation canbe controlled depending on whether the record medium is an originalrecord medium or a copied record medium. When charging managementinformation for read-only record mediums and charging managementinformation for recordable record mediums are pre-recorded to a recordmedium, a reproducing operation can be controlled depending on whetherthe record medium is an original record medium or a copied recordmedium.

[0266] In addition, when original type information recorded on therecord medium is different from the type of the real record medium andthereby it is determined that the record medium has been copied, sinceit can be assumed that a copy operation has been performed in at leastone generation, a copy operation is managed supposing that copymanagement information of which the copy generation is advanced by oneis new copy management information. Thus, without need to rewrite thecopy management information, a copy generation can be managed.

[0267] Thus, assuming that whenever a copy operation is performed, copymanagement information and copy generation information are rewrittencorresponding to a predetermined rule, the original type informationrecorded on the record medium is different from the type of the realrecord medium. When it has been determined that the record medium is acopied record medium, the copy management information and the copygeneration information are forcedly rewritten corresponding to thepredetermined rule. Thus, copied record mediums that do not comply withthe predetermined rule are not distributed. Thus, the copyright can beprotected.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

[0268] As was described above, a record medium, a recording method for arecord medium, an output controlling method, a reproducing apparatus, arecord and reproduction controlling method, a recording method, arecording and reproducing method, and a recording and/or reproducingmethod according to the present invention are effective for protectingcopyright of data that is copied from a CD format disc to a CD-R orCD-RW format disc.

1. A record medium for recording a plurality of types of managementinformation provided corresponding to a plurality of types of recordmediums along with data of a content.
 2. The record medium as set forthin claim 2, wherein the plurality of types of additional information areembedded as additional information to the data of the content.
 3. Therecord medium as set forth in claim 2, wherein the additionalinformation is spectrum-spread and superimposed to the data of thecontent.
 4. The record medium as set forth in claim 2, wherein theadditional information is inserted into a low order bit of the data ofthe content.
 5. The record medium as set forth in claim 2, wherein theadditional information is inserted into a high order coefficient ofwhich the data of the content has been compressed.
 6. The record mediumas set forth in claim 2, wherein the additional information is insertedinto the data of the content using masking effect so that the additionalinformation does not adversely affect the data of the content.
 7. Therecord medium as set forth in claim 2, wherein the additionalinformation is inserted into a first peak or a second peak in apredetermined range of the data of the content, or in the vicinity ofthe first peak or the second peak.
 8. The record medium as set forth inclaim 2, wherein the additional information contains at least sync data,original medium type representation identification information, copycondition representation information, and generation managementinformation.
 9. The record medium as set forth in claim 1, wherein therecord medium has a data record area to which the data of the content isrecorded, the plurality of types of management information beingrecorded to the data area.
 10. The record medium as set forth in claim1, wherein the plurality of types of management information is recordedto an area designated for sub code data in the data record area.
 11. Therecord medium as set forth in claim 9, wherein the plurality of types ofmanagement information is recorded to an area designated for header datain the data record area.
 12. The record medium as set forth in claim 9,further comprising: a lead-in area that is read before the data recordarea, the plurality of types of management information being recorded tothe lead-in area.
 13. The record medium as set forth in claim 9, furthercomprising: an area to which index data is recorded, the area being readbefore the data record area, the plurality of types of managementinformation being recorded to the area to which the index data isrecorded.
 14. The record medium as set forth in claim 1, wherein theplurality of types of management information are first managementinformation for reproduction-only record mediums and second managementinformation for recordable record mediums.
 15. The record medium as setforth in claim 14, wherein the first management information and thesecond management information are information that contains at least oneof copy management information, charging management information, andreproduction management information.
 16. The record medium as set forthin claim 15, wherein the copy management information is information forcontrolling a recording operation and/or a reproducing operation fordata of a content that is read from the record medium corresponding tothe type thereof.
 17. The record medium as set forth in claim 1, whereinthe plurality of types of management information is providedcorresponding to types of the record mediums that are an original recordmedium and a non-original record medium.
 18. A recording method for arecord medium, comprising the steps of: embedding a plurality of typesof management information provided corresponding to a plurality of typesof record mediums as additional information to data of a content that isrecorded; performing a first encoding process for the data of thecontent to which the additional information has been embedded:performing a second encoding process for the plurality of types ofmanagement information; and modulating the data of the content of whichthe first encode process has been performed and the plurality of typesof management information of which the second encode process has beenperformed.
 19. A recording method for a record medium, comprising thesteps of: determining the type of a record medium to which a pluralityof types of management information provided corresponding to a pluralityof types of record mediums have been recorded along with data of acontent; and controlling a recording operation for the data of thecontent that has been read from the record medium corresponding to themanagement information selected corresponding to the determined resultof the record medium in the plurality of types of managementinformation.
 20. The recording method for the record medium as set forthin claim 19, wherein the plurality of types of management informationcontains first management information for reproduction-only recordmediums and second management information for recordable record mediums,and wherein the controlling step is performed by controlling therecording operation corresponding to the first management informationwhen the determined result at the determining step represents that therecord medium is a reproduction-only record medium and by controllingthe recording operation corresponding to the second managementinformation when the determined result at the determining steprepresents that the record medium is a recordable record medium.
 21. Therecording method for the record medium as set forth in claim 20, whereinthe controlling step is performed by prohibiting the recording operationfor the data of the content that is read from the record medium when thedetermined result at the determining step represents that the recordmedium is a reproduction-only record medium and the second managementinformation prohibits the recording operation of the data or the contentthat is read from the record medium.
 22. The recording method for therecord medium as set forth in claim 20, further comprising the step of:when the data of the content that is read from the record medium as acopy source is recorded to another record medium as a copy destination,recording the plurality of types of management information to the otherrecord medium as the copy destination along with the data of the contentthat is read from the record medium as the copy source.
 23. Therecording method for the record medium as set forth in claim 22, whereinthe management information contains at least one of information thatrepresents a generation and information that represents a condition inwhich the data of the content that is read from the record medium as thecopy source is recorded to the other record medium as the copydestination.
 24. The recording method for the record medium as set forthin claim 22, wherein when the data of the content that is read from theother medium as a copy source is recorded to a further record medium asa copy destination, the controlling step is performed by controlling therecording operation for the data of the content that is read from theother record medium as the copy source corresponding to the secondmanagement information.
 25. The recording method for the record mediumas set forth in claim 24, wherein the controlling step is performed byprohibiting the data of the content that is read from the other recordmedium from being recorded.
 26. The recording method for the recordmedium as set forth in claim 19, wherein the determined result at thedetermining step represents that the record medium is a recordablerecord medium and the second management information permits therecording operation for the data of the content that is read from therecord medium, the controlling step is performed by performing therecording operation for the data of the content that is read from therecord medium as the copy source corresponding to the second managementinformation and rewriting the second management information so that itprohibits a further recording operation for the data of the content. 27.An output controlling method, comprising the steps of: reading data of acontent and a plurality of types of management information from a recordmedium, the plurality of types of management information providedcorresponding to a plurality of types of record mediums being embeddedto the data of the contest, the plurality of types of managementinformation being recoded in a predetermined area of the record medium;extracting the plurality of types of management information from thedata of the content that is read from the record medium; collating theplurality of types of management information that are extracted with theplurality of types of management information that are read from therecord medium; and controlling an output of the data of the content thatis read corresponding to the collated result.
 28. The output controllingmethod as set forth in claim 27, wherein when the plurality ofmanagement information that are extracted do not match the plurality oftypes of management information that are read from the record medium,the controlling step is performed by not permitting the data of thecontent that is read from the record medium to be output.
 29. The outputcontrolling method as set forth in claim 28, wherein when the pluralityof types of management information that are extracted match theplurality of types of management information that are read from therecord medium, the controlling step is performed by controlling theoutput of the data of the content that is read from the record mediumcorresponding to the plurality of types of management information thatare read from the record medium.
 30. The output controlling method asset forth in claim 29, further comprising the step of: determining thetype of the record medium, wherein the controlling step is performed bycontrolling the output of the data of the content that is readcorresponding to a management condition selected corresponding to thedetermined result of the record medium from the plurality of types ofmanagement information.
 31. A reproducing apparatus for a record medium,comprising: a reading portion for reading data of a content and aplurality of types of management information from the record medium, theplurality of types of management information provided corresponding to aplurality of types of record mediums being embedded to the data of thecontent, the plurality of types of management information being recodedin a predetermined area of the record medium; an extracting portion forextracting the plurality of types of management information from thedata of the content that is read from the record medium by said readingportion; a collating portion for collating the plurality of types ofmanagement information that are extracted by said extracting portionwith the plurality of types of management information that are read fromthe record medium by said reading portion; and an output controllingportion for controlling an output of the data of the content that isread corresponding to the collated result by the collating portion. 32.The reproducing apparatus for the record medium as set forth in claim31, wherein when the plurality of management information that areextracted by said extracting portion do not match the plurality of typesof management information that are read from the record medium by saidreading portion, said output controlling portion does not permit thedata of the content that is read from the record medium to be output.33. The reproducing apparatus for the record medium as set forth inclaim 32, wherein said output controlling portion has a switch circuitportion, and wherein when the collated result of said collating portionrepresents that the plurality of types of management informationextracted by said extracting portion do not match the plurality of typesof management information that are read from the record medium by saidreading portion, said switch circuit portion is opened.
 34. Thereproducing apparatus for the record medium as set forth in claim 33,wherein when the collated result of said collating portion representsthat the plurality of types of management information extracted by saidextracting portion match the plurality of types of managementinformation that are read from the record medium by said readingportion, said switch circuit portion is closed and thereby the data ofthe content that is read from the record medium corresponding to theplurality of types of management information that are read from therecord medium is output through said switch circuit portion.
 35. Thereproducing apparatus for the record medium as set forth in claim 31,further comprising: a determining portion for determining the type ofthe record medium corresponding to a signal that is read from the recordmedium by said reading portion, wherein one of the plurality of types ofmanagement information that are read from the record medium by saidreading portion is selected corresponding to the determined result ofsaid determining portion, wherein one of the plurality of types ofmanagement information extracted by said extracting portion is selected,and wherein the selected management information is supplied to saidcollating portion.
 36. The reproducing apparatus for the record mediumas set forth in claim 35, wherein said output controlling portion has: asecond determining portion for determining a selected managementcondition corresponding to the determined result of said determiningportion; and a switch circuit portion for controlling the output of thedata of the content that is read from the record medium, the open stateand close state of said switch circuit portion being controlled by anoutput of said second determining portion.
 37. The reproducing apparatusfor the record medium as set forth in claim 31, wherein said readingportion has: a head portion for reading the data of the content and theplurality of types of management information from the record medium; ademodulating portion for decoding an output signal of said head portion;a second extracting portion for extracting the plurality of types ofmanagement information from output data of said demodulating portion;and an error correction processing portion for performing an errorcorrecting process for output data of said demodulating portion andsupplying the resultant output data to said second extracting portion.38. A record and reproduction controlling method for a record medium,comprising the steps of: reading data of a content and a plurality oftypes of management information from a record medium, the plurality oftypes of management information provided corresponding to a plurality oftypes of record mediums being embedded as additional information to thedata of the content, the plurality of types of management informationbeing recoded in a predetermined area of the record medium; extractingthe additional information from the data of the content that is readfrom the record medium; collating the plurality of types of managementinformation that are contained in the extracted additional informationwith the plurality of types of management information that are read fromthe record medium; and controlling an output of the data of the contentthat is read corresponding to the collated result.
 39. The record andreproduction controlling method for the record medium as set forth inclaim 38, wherein when the plurality of management information that arecontained in the extracted additional information do not match theplurality of types of management information that are read from therecord medium, the controlling step is performed by not permitting thedata of the content that is read from the record medium to be output.40. The record and reproduction controlling method for the record mediumas set forth in claim 39, wherein when the plurality of types ofmanagement information that are contained in the extracted additionalinformation match the plurality of types of management information thatare read from the record medium, the controlling step is performed bycontrolling the output of the data of the content that is read from therecord medium corresponding to the plurality of types of managementinformation that are read from the record medium.
 41. The record andreproduction controlling method for the record medium as set forth inclaim 40, further comprising the step of: determining the type of therecord medium, wherein the controlling step is performed by controllingthe output of the data of the content that is read corresponding to amanagement condition selected corresponding to the determined result ofthe type of the record medium from the plurality of types of managementinformation.
 42. The record and reproduction controlling method as setforth in claim 41, wherein when the data of the content that is readcorresponding to the selected management information is recorded toanother record medium, the controlling step is performed by recordingthe data of the content that is read form the record medium and theplurality of types of management information to the other record medium.43. A reproducing method for a record medium, comprising the steps of:determining the type of the record medium, data of a content and atleast reproduction management information for reproduction-only recordmediums and reproduction management information for recordable recordmediums being recorded to the record medium; and controlling areproducing operation corresponding to the management informationselected corresponding to the determined result of the type of therecord medium from the plurality of types of management information. 44.The reproducing method for the record medium as set forth in claim 43,wherein the controlling step is performed by switching a chargingprocess for the data of the content that is reproduced corresponding tothe selected management information.
 45. A recording method, comprisingthe steps of: determining the type of a record medium, a plurality oftypes of management information provided corresponding to types ofrecord mediums being recorded to the record medium along with data of acontent, the plurality of types of management information containingcopy management information; determining whether or not the recordmedium is an original record medium corresponding to the managementinformation that is read from the record medium and the determinedresult of the type of the record medium at the first determining step;and when the determined result at the first determining step representsthat the record medium is an original record medium, controlling arecording operation for the data of the content that is read from therecord medium to another record medium corresponding to the copymanagement information.
 46. The recording method as set forth in claim45, when the management information that is read from the record mediummatches the determined result of the type of the record medium at thefirst determining step, the determined result at the second determiningstep represents that the record medium is an original record medium. 47.The recording method as set forth in claim 45, further comprising thesteps of: when th determined result at the second determining steprepresents that the record medium is not an original record medium,determining whether or not the copy management information is copymanagement information that permits a copy operation to be performed inone generation; and when the copy management information is copymanagement information that permits a copy operation to be performed inone generation, advancing the generation of the copy managementinformation by one, wherein the controlling step is performed bycontrolling the recording operation corresponding to the copy managementinformation of which the generation has been advanced by one.
 48. Therecording method as set forth in claim 47, wherein the controlling stepis performed by prohibiting the recording operation corresponding to thecopy management information of which the generation has been advanced byone.
 49. The recording method as set forth in claim 47, wherein when thecopy management information is not copy management information thatpermits a copy operation to be performed in one generation, thecontrolling step is performed by controlling the recording operationcorresponding to the copy management information.
 50. The recordingmethod as set forth in claim 45, further comprising the step of: whenthe determined result at the second determining step represents that therecord medium is not an original record medium, determining whether ornot the copy management information is copy management information thatpermits a copy operation to be performed in one generation; and when thecopy management information is copy management information that permitsthe copy operation to be performed in one generation, rewriting the copymanagement information so that it prohibits a copy operation, whereinthe controlling step is performed by controlling the recording operationcorresponding to the rewritten copy management information.
 51. Arecording method, comprising the steps of: determining the type of arecord medium, a plurality of types of management information providedcorresponding to a plurality of types of record mediums being recordedon the record medium, the plurality of types of management informationcontaining identification information, copy generation information, andcopy management information; determining whether or not the recordmedium is an original record mediums corresponding to the managementinformation that is read from the record medium and the determinedresult of the type of the record medium at the first determining step;and when the determined result at the second determining step representsthat the record medium is an original record medium, advancing thegeneration of the copy generation information by one and controlling arecording operation for recording the data of the content that is readthe record medium to another record medium corresponding to the copymanagement information.
 52. The recording method as set forth in claim51, wherein the controlling step is performed by controlling therecording operation for the data of the content that is read from therecord medium and the management information that contains the copygeneration information of which the generation has been advanced by onecorresponding to the copy management information.
 53. The recordingmethod as set forth in claim 52, wherein the second determining step isperformed by determining whether or not the record medium is an originalrecord medium corresponding to the determined result of the recordmedium at the first determining step, the identification information,and the copy generation information.
 54. The recording method as setforth in claim 52, wherein when the determined result at the seconddetermining step represents that the record medium is not an originalrecord medium, the controlling step is performed by advancing thegeneration of the copy generation information by one, wherein when thedata of the content that is read from the record medium is recorded tothe other record medium, the controlling step is performed by furtheradvancing the generation of the copy generation information by one andperforming the recording operation for recording the resultant copygeneration information to the other record medium along with the data ofthe content that is read from the record medium.
 55. The recordingmethod as set forth in claim 51, wherein the management informationfurther contains charging information, and wherein when the data of thecontent that is read from the record medium is recorded to the otherrecord medium corresponding to the copy management information, thecontrolling step is performed by performing a charging processcorresponding to the charging information.
 56. A reproducing method,comprising the steps of: determining the type of a record medium, aplurality of types of management information provided corresponding to aplurality of types of record mediums being recorded to the record mediumalong with data of a content; determining whether or not the recordmediums is an original record medium corresponding to the managementinformation that is read from the record medium and the determinedresult of the type of the record medium at the first determining step;and when the determined result at the second determining step representsthat the record medium is an original record medium, performing areproducing operation for the record medium corresponding to themanagement information.
 57. The reproducing method as set forth in claim56, further comprising the step of: when the determined result at thesecond determining step represents that the record medium is not anoriginal record medium, prohibiting the record medium from beingreproduced.
 58. The reproducing method as set forth in claim 57, whereinthe management information contains copy generation information, andwherein the reproducing method further comprises the step of: when thedetermined result at the second determining step represents that therecord medium is not an original record medium, advancing the generationof the copy generation information by one.
 59. The reproducing method asset forth in claim 51, wherein the management information furthercontains charging information, and wherein the reproducing methodfurther comprises the step of: when the data of the content that is readfrom the record medium is reproduced corresponding to the charginginformation, performing a charging process corresponding to the charginginformation.
 60. A recording and reproducing method, comprising thesteps of: determining the type of a record medium, a plurality of typesof management information provided corresponding to a plurality of typesof record mediums being recorded on the record medium, the plurality oftypes of management information containing copy generation informationand copy management information; determining whether or not the recordmedium is an original record mediums corresponding to the managementinformation that is read from the record medium and the determinedresult of the type of the record medium at the first determining step;when the determined result at the second determining step representsthat the record medium is an original record medium, reproducing therecord medium corresponding to the management information; and advancingthe generation of the copy generation information by one and controllinga recording operation for recording the data of the content that is readfrom the record medium to another record medium corresponding to thecopy management information.
 61. The recording and reproducing method asset forth in claim 60, wherein the controlling step is performed bycontrolling the recording operation for the data of the content that isread from the record medium and the management information that containsthe copy generation information of which the generation has beenadvanced by one corresponding to the copy management information. 62.The recording and reproducing method as set forth in claim 61, whereinthe second determining step is performed by determining whether or notthe record medium is an original record medium corresponding to thedetermined result of the record medium at the first determining step,the identification information, and the copy generation information. 63.The recording and reproducing method as set forth in claim 60, furthercomprising the step of: wherein when the determined result at the seconddetermining step represents that the record medium is not an originalrecord medium, prohibiting the record medium from being reproduced. 64.The recording and reproducing method as set forth in claim 60, whereinwhen the determined result at the second determining step representsthat the record medium is not an original record medium, the controllingstep is performed by advancing the generation of the copy generationinformation by one and controlling the reproducing operation for therecord medium corresponding to the management information, wherein whenthe data of the content that is read from the record medium is recordedto the other record medium, the controlling step is performed by furtheradvancing the generation of the copy generation information by one andcontrolling the recording operation for recording the data of thecontent that is read from the record medium to the other record mediumcorresponding to the management information.
 65. A recording method,comprising the steps of: identifying the type of a record medium, therecord medium having an identification portion used to identify the typeof the record medium, at least first management information forreproduction-only record medium and second management information forrecordable record mediums being recorded to the record medium along withdata of a content; and controlling a recording operation for recordingthe data of the content that is read from the record medium along withthe first management information and the second management informationto another record medium corresponding to the first managementinformation, when the determined result of the type of the record mediumat the determining step represents that the record medium is areproduction-only record medium, and a recording operation for recodingthe data of the content that is read from the record medium along withthe first management information and the second management informationto the other record medium corresponding to the second managementinformation, when the determined result of the type of the record mediumat the determining step represents that the record medium is arecordable record medium.
 66. The recording method as set forth in claim65, wherein when the data of the content that is read from the recordmedium is recorded to the other record medium corresponding to thesecond management information, the controlling step is performed byrewriting the second management information so that it prohibit therecording operation.
 67. The recording method as set forth in claim 66,wherein when the data of the content that is read from the record mediumis recorded to the other record medium corresponding to the firstmanagement information, the controlling step is performed by notrewriting the first management information and the second managementinformation.
 68. The recording method as set forth in claim 64, whereinthe first management information and the second management informationare embedded to the data of the content and recorded to the recordmedium, the first management information and the second managementinformation being recorded in a predetermined area of the record medium,and wherein the recording method further comprises the step of:collating the management information selected corresponding to the typeof the record medium from the first management information and thesecond management information extracted from the data of the contentthat is read from the record medium with the management informationselected corresponding to the determined result of the type of therecord medium from the first management information and the secondmanagement information that are read from the predetermined area of therecord medium, and wherein when the first management information or thesecond management information that is extracted from the data of thecontent matches the first management information or the secondmanagement information that is read from the record medium, thecontrolling step is performed by permitting the data of the content thatis read from the record medium to be output to the other record medium.69. The recording method as set forth in claim 68, wherein when thefirst management information or the second management information thatis extracted from the data of the content does not match the firstmanagement information or the second management information that is readfrom the record medium, the controlling step is performed by prohibitingthe data of the content that is read from the record medium from beingoutput to the other record medium.
 70. The recording method as set forthin claim 68, wherein when the first management information or the secondmanagement information that is extracted from the data of the contentmatches the first management information or the second managementinformation that is read from the record medium and when the managementinformation selected from the first management information and thesecond management information corresponding to the identified result ofthe record medium permits the data of the content that is read from therecord medium to be recorded, the controlling step is performed bypermitting the data of the content that is read from the record mediumto be output.
 71. A recording and/or reproducing method, comprising thesteps of: determining the type of a record medium, the record mediumhaving an identification portion used to identify the type thereof,management information containing at least identification information,copy generation information, and copy management information beingrecoded to the record medium along with data of a content; determiningwhether or not the record medium is an original record mediumcorresponding to the identified result of the record medium and at leastthe identification information and the copy generation information thatare read from the record medium; and controlling a recording operationand/or a reproducing operation for the record medium corresponding tothe determined result at the second determining step.
 72. The recordingand/or reproducing method as set forth in claim 71, wherein when thedetermined result at the second determining step represents that therecord medium is an original record medium, the controlling step isperformed by controlling the reproducing operation for the record mediumcorresponding to the management information.
 73. The recording and/orreproducing method as set forth in claim 71, wherein when the determinedresult at the second determining step represents that the record mediumis an original record medium, the controlling step is performed byrecording the data of the content that is read from the record medium toanother record medium corresponding to the copy management informationand the copy generation information, advancing the generation of thecopy generation information by one, and recording the data of thecontent and the resultant copy generation information to the otherrecord medium.
 74. The recording and/or reproducing method as set forthin claim 71, wherein when the determined result at the seconddetermining step represents that the record medium is not an originalrecord medium, the controlling step is performed by advancing thegeneration of the copy generation information that is read from therecord medium by one generation.
 75. The recording and/or reproducingmethod as set forth in claim 74, wherein the controlling step isperformed by controlling the reproducing operation for the record mediumcorresponding to the management information.
 76. The recording and/orreproducing method as set forth in claim 74, wherein the controllingstep is performed by recording the data of the content that is read fromthe record medium to the other record medium corresponding to the copymanagement information and the copy generation information, advancingthe generation of the copy generation information by one, and recodingthe data of the content and the resultant copy generation information tothe other record medium.
 77. The recording and/or reproducing method asset forth in claim 71, when the determined result at the seconddetermining step represents that the record medium is an original recordmedium, the controlling step is performed by prohibiting the recordmedium from being reproduced.
 78. Content data of which a plurality oftypes of management information provided corresponding to a plurality oftypes of record mediums are embedded as additional information to data.79. The content data as set forth in claim 78, wherein the additionalinformation is spectrum-spread and superimposed to the data.
 80. Thecontent data as set forth in claim 78, wherein the additionalinformation is inserted into a low order bit of the data.
 81. Thecontent data as set forth in claim 78, wherein the additionalinformation is inserted into a high order coefficient of which the datahas been compressed.
 82. The content data as set forth in claim 78,wherein the additional information is inserted into the data usingmasking effect so that the additional information does not adverselyaffect the data.
 83. The content data as set forth in claim 78, whereinthe additional information is inserted into a first peak or a secondpeak in a predetermined range of the data, or in the vicinity of thefirst peak or the second peak.
 84. The content data as set forth inclaim 78, wherein the plurality of types of management information arefirst management information for reproduction-only record mediums andsecond management information for recordable record mediums.
 85. Thecontent data as set forth in claim 79, wherein the first managementinformation and the second management information are information thatcontains at least one of copy management information, chargingmanagement information, and reproduction management information.
 86. Thecontent data as set forth in claim 78, wherein the additionalinformation contains at least sync data, original medium typerepresentation identification information, copy condition representationinformation, and generation management information.
 87. The content dataas set forth in claim 86, wherein the generation management informationis written a plurality of times.
 88. The content data as set forth inclaim 87, wherein error detection code is added to the additionalinformation, the generation management information being excluded froman error detection block of the error detection code.
 89. A recordmedium having an identification portion used to identify the typethereof, data of a content being recorded to the record medium, aplurality of management information provided corresponding to aplurality of types of record mediums being embedded as additionalinformation to the data of the content, the plurality of types ofmanagement information being recorded in a predetermined area of therecord medium.
 90. The record medium as set forth in claim 89, whereinthe additional information is inserted into a low order bit of the data.91. The record medium as set forth in claim 89, wherein the additionalinformation is inserted into a high order coefficient of which the datahas been compressed.
 92. The record medium as set forth in claim 89,wherein the additional information is inserted into the data usingmasking effect so that the additional information does not adverselyaffect the data.
 93. The record medium as set forth in claim 89, whereinthe additional information is inserted into a first peak or a secondpeak in a predetermined range of the data, or in the vicinity of thefirst peak or the second peak.
 94. The record medium as set forth inclaim 89, wherein the additional information is spectrum-spread andsuperimposed to the data of the content.
 95. The record medium as setforth in claim 89, wherein the plurality of types of managementinformation are first management information for reproduction-onlyrecord mediums and second management information for recordable recordmediums.
 96. The record medium as set forth in claim 95, wherein thefirst management information and the second management information areinformation that contains at least one of copy management information,charging management information, and reproduction managementinformation.